mod 4

Question 1

has a significant place in history of moral thought. It is a theory that suggests actions are good or bad according to a clear set of rules.

Answer 1

DEONTOLOGY

Question 2

Deontology comes from the Greek word _____, meaning duty.

Answer 2

DEON

Question 3

His work on personhood is an example of deontology in practice.

Answer 3

IMMANUEL KANT

Question 4

Kant believed the ability to
use reason was what defined a _____.

Answer 4

PERSON

Question 5

something that is fundamental to and is held in equal measure
by each and every person.

Answer 5

DIGNITY

Question 6

_____ do allow for some middle ground. “Learn about the world around you” is an example.

Answer 6

IMPERFECT DUTY

Question 6

Any system
involving a clear set of rules is a form of deontology, which is why some people call it a “rule-based ethic”. The _____ is an example, as is the _____.

Answer 6

1. THE TEN COMMANDMENTS
2. UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS

Question 7

A ______ is inflexible. “Do not kill innocent people” is an example.

Answer 7

PERFECT DUTY

Question 8

Our reason for doing the right
thing (which Kant called a _____) is also important.

Answer 8

MAXIM

Question 9

We should be motivated by our respect for the ______ itself

Answer 9

MORAL LAW

Question 9

whether an act is morally right depends only on consequences (as opposed to the circumstances or the intrinsic nature of the act
or anything that happens before the act).

Answer 9

CONSEQUENTIALISM

Question 10

whether an act is morally right depends only on
the actual consequences (as opposed to foreseen, foreseeable, intended, or likely
consequences).

Answer 10

ACTUAL CONSEQUENTIALISM

Question 11

whether an act is morally right depends only on the
consequences of that act itself (as opposed to the consequences of the agent’s motive, of a rule or practice that covers other acts of the same kind, and so on).

Answer 11

DIRECT CONSEQUENTIALISM

Question 12

moral rightness depends only on the value of the consequences (as opposed to non-evaluative features of the consequences).

Answer 12

EVALUATIVE CONSEQUENTIALISM

Question 13

the value of the consequences depends only on
the pleasures and pains in the consequences (as opposed to other supposed goods,
such as freedom, knowledge, life, and so on).

Answer 13

HEDONISM

Question 14

moral rightness depends only on which consequences are best (as opposed to merely satisfactory or an improvement over
the status quo).

Answer 14

MAXIMIZING CONSEQUENTIALISM

Question 15

moral rightness depends on the consequences
for all people or sentient beings (as opposed to only the individual agent, members
of the individual’s society, present people, or any other limited group).

Answer 15

UNIVERSAL CONSEQUENTIALISM

Question 15

which consequences are best is some function of
the values of parts of those consequences (as opposed to rankings of whole worlds
or sets of consequences).

Answer 15

AGGREGATIVE CONSEQUENTIALISM

Question 16

moral rightness depends only on the total net good in the
consequences (as opposed to the average net good per person).

Answer 16

TOTAL CONSEQUENTIALISM

Question 17

in determining moral rightness, benefits to one person
matter just as much as similar benefits to any other person (as opposed to putting
more weight on the worse or worst off).

Answer 17

EQUAL CONSIDERATION

Question 18

whether some consequences are better than others does not
depend on whether the consequences are evaluated from the perspective of the
agent (as opposed to an observer).

Answer 18

AGENT-NEUTRALITY

Question 19

Political philosopher _____ gives a soundbite version of this idea –“justice though the heavens fall”

Answer 19

MICHAEL WALZER

Question 20

_________ which argues we should always obey the rules unless in an emergency situation, at
which point we should revert to a consequentialist approach.

Answer 20

THRESHOLD DEONTOLOGY

Question 21

We should do our _____ for no
other reason than because it’s the right thing to do.

Answer 21

DUTY