mod 4

Question 1

is the earth’s innermost zone. It is extremely hot and has a solid inner part, surrounded by a liquid core of molten or semisolid material.

Answer 1

CORE

Question 2

Most of the _____ is solid rock, but under its rigid outermost part is the asthenosphere—a zone of hot, partly melted rock that flows and can be deformed like soft plastic.

Answer 2

MANTLE

Question 3

The outermost and thinnest zone of the earth is _____.

Answer 3

CRUST

Question 4

which underlies the continents (including the continental shelves extending into the oceans

Answer 4

CONTINENTAL CRUST

Question 5

which underlies the ocean basins and makes up 71% of the earth’s crust

Answer 5

OCEANIC CRUST

Question 6

The flows of energy and heated material in the mantle’s convection cells cause a dozen or so huge rigid plates, called _____, to move extremely slowly atop the denser mantle on hot soft rock in the underlying asthenosphere

Answer 6

TECTONIC PLATES

Question 7

When oceanic plates move apart from one another

Answer 7

DIVERGENT

Question 8

When an oceanic plate collides with a continental plate

Answer 8

CONVERGENT

Question 9

plates slide and grind past one another along a fracture (fault)

Answer 9

TRANSFORM

Question 10

the continental plate usually rides up over the denser oceanic plate and pushes it down into the mantle in a process called

Answer 10

SUBDUCTION

Question 11

The area where this collision and subduction takes place is called a

Answer 11

SUBDUCTION ZONE

Question 12

generated by heat from the earth’s interior, typically build up the earth’s surface in the form of continental and oceanic crust, including mountains and volcanoes

Answer 12

INTERNAL GEOLOGIC PROCESSES

Question 12

An active volcano occurs where magma reaches the earth’s surface through a central vent or a long crack, called a _____.

Answer 12

FISSURE

Question 13

driven directly or indirectly by energy from the sun (mostly in the form of flowing water and wind) and influenced by gravity, tend to wear down the earth’s surface and move matter from one place to another.

Answer 13

EXTERNEL GEOLOGIC PROCESSES

Question 14

One major external geologic process is _____, the physical, chemical, and biological processes that break down rocks into smaller particles that help build soil.

Answer 14

WEATHERING

Question 15

Magma that reaches the earth’s surface is called _____.

Answer 15

LAVA

Question 16

When a fault forms, or when there is abrupt movement on an existing fault, energy that has accumulated over time is released in the form of vibrations, called _____

Answer 16

SEISMIC WAVES

Question 17

seismic waves which move in all directions through the surrounding rock. This internal geological process is called an _____.

Answer 17

EARTHQUAFIE

Question 18

The place where an earthquake begins, often far below the earth’s surface is called the

Answer 18

FOCUS

Question 19

The earthquake’s _____ is found on the earth’s surface directly above the focus.

Answer 19

EPICENTER

Question 20

A _____ is a series of large waves generated when part of the ocean floor suddenly rises or drops.

Answer 20

TSUNAMI/ TIDAL WAVES

Question 21

The three major types of rocks found in the earth’s crust

Answer 21

SEDIMENTARY, IGNEOUS, METAMORPHIC

Question 22

is an element or inorganic compound that occurs naturally in the earth’s crust as a solid with a regular internal crystalline structure.

Answer 22

MINERAL

Question 23

is a solid combination of one or more minerals found in the earth’s crust.

Answer 23

ROCFI

Question 24

is made of sediments—dead plant and animal remains and existing rocks that are weathered and eroded into tiny particles.

Answer 24

SEDIMENTARY ROCFI

Question 25

forms below or on the earth’s surface when magma wells up from the earth’s upper mantle or deep crust and then cools and hardens.

Answer 25

IGNEOUS ROCFI

Question 26

forms when a preexisting rock is subjected to high temperatures (which may cause it to melt partially), high pressures, chemically active fluids, or a combination of these agents.

Answer 26

METAMORPHIC ROCFI

Question 27

The interaction of physical and chemical processes that change rocks from one type to another is called the

Answer 27

ROCFI CYCLE

Question 28

A _____ is a concentration of naturally occurring material from the earth’s crust that can be extracted and processed into useful products and raw materials at an affordable cost.

Answer 28

MINERAL RESOURCE

Question 29

An _____ is rock that contains a large enough concentration of a particular mineral—often a metal—to make it profitable for mining and processing.

Answer 29

ORE

Question 30

How Can We Use Mineral Resources More Sustainably?

Answer 30

try to find substitutes for scarce resources, reduce resource waste, and recycle and reuse minerals.

Question 31

The three major types of rocks found in the earth’s crust—sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic—are recycled very slowly by the processes of _____, _____, and ______.

Answer 31

EROSION, MELTING, AND METAMORPHISM