Mod 3 - Property Interests & Rights; Types of Ownership Flashcards
A system of land ownership from the 13th century and before in which all land was owned by the king who merely allowed people to use the land in exchange for their services
Feudal System
System of land ownership in which individuals were only tenants with limited rights of use and the king had title to all land
Feudal System
A system which recognizes the principle that land is owned by individuals, free of any proprietary control of the land
Allodial System
A system which recognizes the right of individuals to the free ownership of land
Allodial system
a system of land ownership that includes a package of rights for land owners known as the bundle of rights
Allodial system
An ownership theory which groups together all possible benefits and rights to ownership
Bundle of rights
What are the four broad categories of the Bundle of Rights
PoCoEnDi(e)
Possession, Control, Enjoyment, Disposition, Devise
What are the four government restrictions enforced for the mutual welfare of the community
PETE
Police Power, Eminent Domain, Taxation, Escheat
The government’s right to enact and enforce laws that may restrict the use of property, without compensation to the owner, for the health, morals, safety and general welfare of other citizens. Ex: zoning laws and building codes
Key words: laws, use
Police Power
The right the government has to take privately owned property with just compensation paid to the owner for some worthwhile public use. The owner must be paid the fair market value of the property in return for giving up ownership
Key words: right or power
Eminent Domain
T or F: Eminent Domain is without compensation to the owner
F
In Eminent Domain, The owner must be paid the fair market value of the property in return for giving up ownership. However, in Police power, there is no compensation.
The process of taking private property, with just compensation to the owner, for some public use by some branch of government under their power of eminent domain
Condemnation
What is the legal proceeding involved in eminent domain?
Condemnation proceeding
A charge of money imposed upon persons, property, or business for public purposes
Taxation
The reversion of property to the state when a person dies intestate and without heirs capable of inheriting the property. May also occur when property is abandoned
Escheat
What government right prevents a property from becoming ownerless
Escheat
Without a will
Intestate
The rights to any and all minerals laying beneath the surface.
mineral rights or subsurface rights
The right to use the air space over a parcel of land
air rights
Land, its improvements (including mineral rights and air rights) and bundle of rights
Realty
Real estate
Real property
The interest, degree, nature, quantity and extent of one’s legal interest and rights in real estate. Legal or possessory right
Estate
What are the two types of estates?
Freehold estate and leasehold estate (non freehold)
Any possessory interest a person has in a land, whether it be absolute or conditional ownership or temporary possession
Estate
An estate for an indefinite and uncertain period of time, and not less than for a lifetime
Freehold Estate
What is the difference between freehold and leasehold estate?
A freehold estate is indefinite and not less than a life time and a leasehold estate is definite and limited period of time
The largest and highest possible degree or right of ownership
Fee estate
Fee simple estate
fee simple absolute
Fee simple ownership that will terminate upon the happening or non-happening of a specified event
Fee simple determinable estate
conditional fee estate
defeasible fee estate
A fee estate that is capable of being defeated under certain conditions
Fee simple determinable estate
conditional fee estate
defeasible fee estate
What happens to a property in a conditional fee estate (fee simple determinable estate or defeasible estate) upon termination or defeat?
Property reverts back to the original grantor. The original grantor has a reversionary interest
An estate in land that continues only for the duration of someone’s life and terminates upon the death of that person. ownership for the duration of someone’s life
Life Estate
A person possessing a life estate
Life tenant
What rights are not included in a life estate?
A life estate carries with it all the rights of a fee simple ownership except the right to will it or waste it
A life estate, the duration of which, is based on the life of a person other than the life tenant
Life estate pur autre vie
What two things can happen to a life estate upon the death of the life tenant or designated 3rd party?
upon the death of the life tenant or designated 3rd party
1) The ownership of the life estate property can be passed on to another pre designated party, called a remainder man
2) property reverts back to the original owner, known as an estate in reversion
The party who receive the remnant of a terminated estate
remainderman
the right a person, other than the grantor has in land at the end of another person’s estate in the same property
estate in remainder
an estate that will revert back tot he grantor upon the termination of a life estate
estate in reversion
abuse of property; improper care of property by an occupant with less than fee simple title such as a tenant or life tenant
waste
The types of estate created by a leases
leasehold estate (non-free hold estates)
Estates for a definite, limited period of time
leasehold estate (non-free hold estates)
The owner of this type of estate owns certain rights in the property but does not own legal title.
leasehold estate (non-free hold estates)
The grantor’s right to future possession of real estate upon the termination of the current estate
reversionary interest
An estate for a definite, limited period of time with a definite beginning and a definite ending date.
Estate for years
T or F: An estate for years can be anywhere from one day to many years
T
An estate for years need not be for a year
T or F: At the end of an estate for years, the landlord must send a notice to the tenant
F
Since there is a definite ending dates, there’s no not required nor reminder sent to tenant to terminate
An estate in land that continues automatically renewing for successive periods
Estate from period to period
periodic estate
periodic tenancy
T or F: in a periodic estate (estate from period to period, periodic tenancy) the lease is terminated at the end of the period
F
In a periodic estate (or estate from period to period, or periodic tenancy) there is no specific termination date and the lease will continue automatically renewing until one of the parties gives proper notice of their desire to terminate
What is proper notice for termination in regards to a periodic estate?
Equal to a period of time that is equal to one period, except in the case of yr to yr tenancy, which requires 3 months
The right to occupy or use property as long as the owner permits or desires him to
Estate at will
Tenancy at will
T or F: if no action to terminate is taken, an estate at will (tenancy at will) terminates with the end of the lease period
F
if no action to terminate is taken, an estate at will continues indefinitely because the term of an estate at will (tenancy at will) is not specified. It only terminates upon the death of either party or when a 3 months notice is given
What are two ways to terminate an estate at will (tenancy at will)
The death of either party or by giving a 3 months notice
What is the only lease hold estate that is terminated by death?
Estate at will
tenancy at will
What is the only lease hold estate with a definite ending date?
Estate for years
An estate that arises when a person comes into possession of property lawfully and retains possession after his estate has terminated without consent, such as after the lease has expired
Estate at sufferance
tenancy at sufferance
A tenant that continues to occupy or use property after the expiration of the lease term
hold over tenant
The lowest and smallest possible form of an estate in which the tenant has no right to occupy the land
Estate at sufferance
tenancy at sufferance
During the hold over period of an estate at sufferance, What happens if the landlord decides to accept rent?
It changes from an estate at sufferance to an estate from period to period
The right to obtain legal title at some future time when title is presently held in another’s name
Equitable estate
equitable rights
Equitable title
The life estate rights that a wife has in her deceased husband’s real property that he owned anytime during their marriage, despite any will provisions stating otherwise
Dower estate
T or F: Dower/Curtesy estate can be created in NJ today
F
Dower and Curtesy rights were abolished as of May 28, 1980. so no new dower interest can be created but existing interests were not affected
incomplete, started but not finished. It is a wife’s dower right which her husband is still alive
inchoate interest or inchoate right
T or F: A wife can loose her dower rights if the husband sells the property before he dies
F
Dower rights are not canceled if the husband sells the property while still alive unless he gets a written release from his wife.
The interest a husband has in real estate owned by his wife upon her death.
Curtesy rights
Curtesy estate
A married individual is entitle to ___ ____ with his or her spouse of any real property which is they occupy jointly as their principal matrimonial residence and to which neither dower nor curtesy right applies
joint possession
what are 3 ways joint possession can be ended
DDS
Death - of either spouse
Divorce - or voluntary abandonment of principal matrimonial residence
Sale- by the consent of both parties
Joint possession applies to?
Married couples, civil unions and domestic partnerships
A privilege or right to use the land of another. includes the right of ingress and egress
Easement
Right of Way
a means of entering
Ingress
A means of exiting
Egress
What are the four types of easements
Easement Appurtenant
Easement by necessity
Easement in Gross
Easement by Prescription