mod 3 factors ch 6 influencing health

Question 1

Healthy People 2020 classifies the determinants of health into five categories:

Answer 1

policymaking, social factors, health services, individual behavior, and biology and genetics.

Question 2

biological determinants of health

Answer 2

body and genetic determinants are physiological factors that are inherent in individuals and sometimes can’t be change.

age: youngest and oldest at greater risk
body structure: height, weight, BMI, waist-to-hip, bone density
body function:

Question 3

body function continued

Answer 3

• biochemical function- enzymes, neurotransmitters
• BP
• movement and balance - ROM
• nutritional status
• respiratory function
• sensory function- 5 senses
• strength and robustness- body strength
• fitness

Question 4

sex determinant

Answer 4

gender does have some effect on the susceptibility for some diseases

Question 5

genetic determinant

Answer 5

genetics- study of functions and effects single gene passed and occurrence pathological conditions inherited and manifested overtime

3 types
- single-gene, chromosomal disorders, multifactoral disorders

Question 6

single-gene

Answer 6

• single-gene disorders - 6 basic patterns (autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, x-linked dominant, x-linked recessive, y-linked inheritance, and maternal inheritance

examples- cystic fibrosis, phenylketonuria, sickle cell anemia, hemophilia A, familial hypercholesterolemia, huntington disease

Question 7

chromosomal disorders

Answer 7

excess or lack of genes contained in whole chromosome or segments

examples: down syndrome, klinefelter syndrome, turner syndrome

Question 8

multifactorial disorders

Answer 8

interactions several genes and environment

example:
cancer, coronary heart disease, hypertension, stroke

Question 9

genetic vulnerability

Answer 9

risk for disease expression based on genotype - involuntarily passed from biological parents to offspring

Question 10

genetic susceptibility

Answer 10

genetic predisposition, may not be born w/disease but may be high risk for acquisition

Question 11

epigentics

Answer 11

studies changes organisms cause by modification of gene expression rather than alteration of genetic code.
environment may play significant role

Question 12

Which term refers to the risk for disease expression passed on involuntarily from biologic parents to offspring?

Answer 12

genetic vulnerability

Question 13

Which patient factors are considered biologic determinants of health?

Answer 13

age, bone density, respiratory function

Question 14

Which condition is an example of a chromosomal disorder?

Answer 14

down syndrome

Question 15

Which population has the greatest risk for opportunistic infections?

Answer 15

older adults

Question 16

Which statement is true regarding biologic and genetic determinants of health?

Answer 16

Some can be altered or modified.

Biologic and genetic determinants that relate to body structure or body functioning are adaptable.

Question 17

social environments

Answer 17

conceptual aspects (e.g., culture norms, traditions, attitudes, socioeconomic status, social support, and education levels) that can shape interactions between people.

• lack resources meet daily needs
• social norms and attitudes (racism)
• exposure crime
• exposure mass media
• socioeconomic conditions
• cultural sensitivity
• quality education
• transportations
• public safety

Question 18

physical environments

Answer 18

concrete aspects (e.g., neighborhoods, buildings, ecosystems) that an individual can feel, see, and hear.

• nat environment
• built environment
• noise hazards
• place of residence
• crowded conditions
• physical hazards (toxic)
• physical barriers
• aesthetic elements

Question 19

5 key social determinants of health

Answer 19

• economic stability
• education
• social and community context
• health and health care
• neighborhood and built environment

Question 20

economic stability

Answer 20

leading health indicator

• poverty
• employment
• food security
• housing stability

Question 21

education

Answer 21

higher education- longer life expectancy, improved QoL, health-promotion bx

lower education- poor health, increased stress, low confidence

Question 22

social and community context

Answer 22

communities as whole and each individual

social cohesion- individuals protected against risks and work twd better future

civic participation- creates healthier community

discrimination- exclusion or diff tx based on personal char.., creates health disparities

incarceration- threatens phys and mental health.. stigma creates health disparity

Question 23

health and health care

Answer 23

access to health care
access to primary care
health literacy

Question 24

access to health care

Answer 24

Affects: Physical, social, and mental health statuses
Illness, disease, and disability prevention
Quality of life
Preventable death
Life expectancy

barriers:
lack availability
high cost
lack insurance

Question 25

access to primary care

Answer 25

have hcp associated with: -greater trust in HCP -better comms btw pt and hcp increase likelihood pt receive better care

Question 26

health literacy

Answer 26

the degree to which an individual has the capacity to obtain, communicate, process, and understand basic health information and the health care delivery system to make appropriate health decisions 2 core principles: - all people have right to health info to make informed decision - health be delivery in way easily understand and improve health, longevity, and QoL

Question 27

Which areas are key social determinants of health as outlined in Healthy People 2020?

Answer 27

- health and health care - social and community context - neighborhood and built environment

Question 28

Which topic is a key issue in economic stability as a social determinant of health?

Answer 28

food security

Question 29

What statement describes a benefit of having a primary health care provider as a regular source of care?

Answer 29

The likelihood of receiving appropriate care is increased.

Question 30

Which topics are key issues in social and community context as a social determinant of health?

Answer 30

- discrimination - civic participation - incarceration rates

Question 31

Which factors negatively affect neighborhoods and built environments?

Answer 31

- radon exposure - food deserts - crowded conditions

Question 32

Which factor would be classified as a genetic or biologic determinant of health?

Answer 32

risk breast cancer

Question 33

A nurse is working with a nonprofit organization to improve understanding of the etiology of congenital defects. This is an example of which category of health determinants?

Answer 33

biology and genetics

Question 34

Match each genetics term with the appropriate example or definition.

Answer 34

``` Cystic fibrosis ---Single-gene disorder Epigenetics ---Study of gene modification Coronary heart disease ---Multifactorial Turner syndrome ----Chromosomal ```

Question 35

Which factor is a key issue for a social determinant of health that increases a patient’s health risk?

Answer 35

poverty

Question 36

Match the key issue to its social determinant of health.

Answer 36

``` Education ---Language and literacy Economic stability ---Food security Health and health care ---Access to primary care Neighborhood and built environment ---Access to healthy foods ```