Mod 3 CNS Stimulants and Related Drugs

Question 1

Stimulants

Answer 1

Drugs that stimulate specific areas of the
brain or spinal cord
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 Sympathomimetic drugs

Question 2

CNS Stimulants: Uses

Answer 2

Analeptics (CNS stimulants)
 Appetite suppressants (anorexiant)
 Treatment of
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 Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
 Narcolepsy
 Migraine headaches

Question 3

CNS Stimulants: Indications

Answer 3

ADHD
 Stimulate areas in the brain responsible for mental
alertness and attentiveness
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 Anorexiant
 Suppress appetite control center in the brain
 Analeptic
 Neonatal apnea, bronchopulmonary dysplasia,
postanesthetic respiratory depression
Narcolepsy
 Increase mental alertness
Mi i h d h
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 Migraine headaches
 Caffeine, co-administered with other drugs, used
to treat headaches

Question 4

Adverse Effects

Answer 4

Tend to “speed up” body systems
 Common adverse effects include:
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 Palpitations, tachycardia, hypertension, angina,
dysrhythmias, nervousness, restlessness, anxiety,
insomnia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dry mouth,
increased urinary frequency

Question 5

CNS Stimulants

Answer 5

ADHD
 amphetamine (Adderall)
 methylphenidate (Concerta, Ritalin)
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 atomoxetine (Strattera)
• Nonaddictive
• May cause suicidal thinking and behavior
 Narcolepsy
 modafinil (Provigil)
Anorexiants
 sibutramine (Meridia)
 phentermine ( Lonamin)
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p )
 orlistat (Xenical)
• Lipase inhibitor, not a CNS stimulant
• Also used to treat obesity
• May cause fecal incontinence

Question 6

CNS Stimulants (cont’d)

Answer 6

Antimigraine (serotonin agonists)
 almotriptan (Axert)
 eletriptan (Relpax)
f i (F )
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 frovatriptan Frova)
 naratriptan (Amerge)
 rizatriptan (Maxalt)
 sumatriptan (Imitrex)
 zolmitriptan (Zomig)
Analeptics
 Used less frequently
 Still used for neonatal apnea
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 Examples:
• doxapram (Dopram)
• Methylxanthines, such as aminophylline, theophylline,
and caffeine

Question 7

CNS Stimulants (cont’d)

Answer 7

Caffeine
 Found in:
• Over-the-counter drugs
• Combination prescription drugs
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• Foods and beverages
 Use with caution in patients with a history of:
• Peptic ulcer
• Recent myocardial infarction
• Dysrhythmias
Caffeine (cont’d)
 Many uses
N t l
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• Neonatal apnea
• Respiratory depression in adults
• Enhances effects of analgesics and migraine
medications
• Stimulates CNS (NoDoz, Vivarin)