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Therapeutic Exercise > Mod 3: Cervical & Thoracic > Flashcards

Mod 3: Cervical & Thoracic Flashcards

1
Q

non-synovial clefts between uncinate processes of adjacent vertebral bodies
-joints at sides of cervical vertebral bodies
-guide flex/ext

A

uncovertebral joints

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2
Q

cervical flexor antagonist mms

A

SCM (anterior)
scalenes
(accessory mm)

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3
Q

cervical extensors agonist mms

A

upper trapezius
SCM (posterior)
levator scapula
suboccipitals
cervicis capitis & splenius

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4
Q

cervical mm for ipsilateral side bending & contralateral rotation

A

SCM
scalenes anterior
multifidus

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5
Q

atlantooccipital joint motion
with accessory motions (2)
atlantoaxial joint motion

A

flex/ext
rotation & sidebending
AA: axial rotation

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6
Q

lower cervical spine motion
C5/6:
C6/7:

A

significant flexion
significant extension

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7
Q

cervical ligament that must be screened for damage (life threatening)
location:

A

transverse ligament
across ring of the atlas & around odontoid process

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8
Q

Cervical Red Flags
5Ds
2Ts
1N

A

dizziness, diplopia, dysarthria, dysphagia, drop attacks
tingling, tinnitus
nystagmus

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9
Q

forward head posture does what to upper & lower cervical spine?

A

upper: extension
lower: flexion

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10
Q

upper crossed syndrome
tight mm?
weak mm?

A

tight pecs, lats, serratus, levator, upper trap, suboccipitals
weak erector spinae, scap retractors, capital flexors

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11
Q

cervical special test in supine: cradle occiput & C1, push down on C2 arches while lifting C1
-for instability & red flags

A

Transverse Ligament Test

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12
Q

cervical test for sagittal stability of the AA segment
-sit w/ short neck flexion, stabilize C2 & force through forehead
+: inc. movement, clicking, dec s/s

A

Sharp-Purser Test

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13
Q

cervical test in supine/sitting
-palpate C2 SP, sidebend head to feel SP move opposite direction
+: delay/no movement

A

Alar Ligament Test

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14
Q

cervical test in sitting
neck side bent/extended & add compression
+: produce pain/tingling in UE or locally in neck

A

Spurling Test

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15
Q

cervical test where clinician provides traction force
+: s/s decrease or disappear

A

Axial Manual Traction Test

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16
Q

acute phase of cervical spine rehab goals

A

control pain, inflamm, spasm
promote healing
inc/maintain ROM
normalize joint mechanics

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17
Q

subacute to chronic phase of cervical spine rehab goals

A

stabilization
UE AROM
postural strength
functional retraining

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18
Q

General Cervical Rehab
Stretch mm?
Strengthen mm?

A

levator, traps, scalenes, pecs
strengthen deep neck flexors & scapulothoracic mm

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19
Q

Types of ST injury to cervical spine

A

strain/sprain
whiplash: strain-counterstrain, acceleration-deceleration injury (MVA)

20
Q

chronic degenerative condition in cervical spine w/ dec. IVD height & osteophytes
-can compress nerves
-most common in which vertebrae?

A

Cervical Spondylosis
C5-C6, C6-C7

21
Q

acute cervical joint lock or facet impingement
difficult to rotate/side bend w/ kink
-joint hypomobility

A

(Cervical) Facet Dysfunction

22
Q

compression of neural & vascular structures by cervical rib, scalenes, clavicle, pec minor or subluxed 1st thoracic rib
s/s: arm/shoulder pain above 90*, N/T, weak, skin & temp changes

A

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

23
Q

PT Tx for thoracic outlet syndrom

A

STM
all UE nerve mob techniques
postural education
stretch scalenes & pec minor

24
Q

TOS vs. nerve root impingement

A

TOS: neural & vascular signs (temp & skin changes
NRI: neural only- N/T, motor & reflex changes

25
Q

narrowed spinal canal d/t disc height or osteophytes
-irreversible

A

cervical spinal stenosis

26
Q

Cervical disc injury most common where?

A

C6 & C7

27
Q

Cervical Disc Injury PT Tx

A

normalize mechanics & ROM*
nerve glides
traction
cervical stabilization
monitor for inc neural involvement

28
Q

Indications for Cervical Traction

A

peripheralization w/ lower cervical spine
pos. shoulder abduction test
positive upper limb tension test
positiv neck distraction/traction test
>age 55

29
Q

cervical neurosurgery protocols

A

weight lifting < 10 lbs
wear neck brace
scar mobility
general rehab

30
Q

mechanical dysfunction w/ click/pop, locking and pain at temporal fossa & mandibular condyle

A

TMJ

31
Q

rib to vertebrae joint
rib to transverse process joint

A

costovertebral jt
costotransverse jt

32
Q

bucket handle motion for ribs
pump handle motion

A

inc. med/lat size of ribcage
inc. ant/post size of ribcage
for respiration

33
Q

Variables for thoracic dysfunction?
what changes symptoms?

A

headaches, bowel/bladder, balance/gait/falls
cough, sneeze, eating or increased activity change symptoms?

34
Q

Thoracic tx for:
mobility:
increasing extension (stretch vs. strengthen)

A

facet & rib mobility
stretch anterior chest (pecs)
strengthen scap retractors

35
Q

Thoracic Neuro Tests: dermatomes
T8 for what?
t10?
T12?

A

T8- xiphoid
T10: umbilicus
T12: lower abdominals

36
Q

Strength test: divide abdomen in quadrants & perform crunch to monitor umbilicus movement
-move up/right = ?
-move down/right = ?
(opposite patterns moving up/down & left)

A

Beevor’s Test/sign for segmental weakness of spine
weak lower left abs (T10-12)
weak upper left abs (T7-9)

37
Q

T6-T11 reflex test in supine position
-stroke ab skin which should cause mm contraction of umbilicus to stimuli
-perform diagonal direction toward quadrants

A

Superficial Abdominal Reflex

38
Q

increase in thoracic posterior convexity d/t anatomy or posture or osteoporosis
- avoid which activities?

A

kyphosis
avoid flexion

39
Q

Dowager’s Hump vs. Hump Back vs. Round back

A

DH: kyphotic upper dorsal region w/ multiple anterior wedge compression fractures
HB: local posterior angulation (Gibbus deformity) & anterior wedge of 1-2 vertebrae
RB: dec. pelvic inclination & excess kyphosis

40
Q

lateral curvature of spine
-w/ rib hump that’s more posterior on ___ side of the hump
true/structural vs. functional presentation

A

scoliosis/rotoscoliosis
convex

41
Q

convex side of scoliotic curvature: mm are too ___
concave side “ mm too ___

A

lengthened/weak
shortened/tight

42
Q

thoracic/lumbar flexion w/ forward head
-stress on post. longitudinal ligament
= _____ pelvic tilt

A

posterior pelvic tilt

43
Q

shortened rectus fem, iliopsoas, & weak abs
-backward trunk lean, shortened posterior neck muscles, inc. extension of A/O jt
= ___pelvic tilt

A

anterior pelvic tilt

44
Q

Sternal Deformity: how does barrel chest affect sternum, breathing & scapula?

A

forward/upward sternum
respiratory difficulty
shortened scap adductors

45
Q

Sternal Deformity: how does pigeon chest affect sternum, & trunk musculature?

A

forward/downward sternum
lengthened upper abs & shortened intercostals

46
Q

Sternal Deformity: how does funnel chest affect sternum, cardiopulm & musculature?

A

posterior projected sternum
resp/cardio abnormalities
shortened upper abs, shoulder adductors, pec minor
lengthened thoracic extensors & mid/low trap

47
Q

Thoracic Pathologies

A

rare disc herniations
mechanical/jt dysfunction
rib dysfunction
costal cartilage injury/inflamm
fx
spondy
stenosis

Therapeutic Exercise (10 decks)

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