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Module 23- Urinary System > Mod 23- Part 1 > Flashcards

Mod 23- Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

This is known as the major excretory organ

A

Kidney

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2
Q

This is an excretory organ that is for temporary storage reservoir for the urine

A

Urinary Bladder

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3
Q

These transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder

A

Ureters

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4
Q

This transports urine out of the body

A

Urethra

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5
Q

This is the function of the Kidney, to remove _____, _______ wastes and excess ____ form the blood

A

Toxins
Metabolic
Ions

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6
Q

The kidneys regulate _____ volume, _______ composition and __

A

Blood
Chemical
pH

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7
Q

During starvation, the kidney is know to produce _____ through gluconeogenesis

A

Glucose

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8
Q

The Kidney also functions as an endocrine organ releasing ____ to regulate the blood pressure and kidney function

A

Renin

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9
Q

The kidney also acts as a endocrine organ when it releases _____ to regulate the production of RBCs

A

Erthropoietin

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10
Q

The kidneys are located ________ to the rest of the organs and are in the _____ lumbar region

A

Retroperiotenal

Superior

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11
Q

The ______ kidney is lower than the _____ because of the Liver

A

Right

Left

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12
Q

The renal hilum leads to the renal _____

A

Sinus

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13
Q

This is a layer of supportive tissue that anchors the outer layer of dense fibrous connective tissue

A

Renal Fascia

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14
Q

This is a layer of supportive tissue in the Kidney that is known to be the fatty cushion

A

Peritoneal fat capsule

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15
Q

This is a supportive layer of the kidney that prevents the spread of infection to the kidney

A

Fibrous capsule

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16
Q

This is a granular superficial layer

A

Renal Cortex

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17
Q

This is known as the cone shaped part of the kidney that is made of pyramids separated by _________

A

Renal medullary

Renal Columns

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18
Q

This is the tip of the medullary pyramid that releases urine into the minor calyx

A

Papillia

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19
Q

This is the funnel shaped tube within the renal sinus

A

Renal pelvis

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20
Q

These are the major channels for the renal pelvis that collect urine from the minor calyces and empty urine into the pelvis

A

Major calyces

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21
Q

These are the structural and functional units that form urine

A

Nephrons

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22
Q

What are the two parts of the nephrons

A

Golmerulus

Renel Tubule

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23
Q

These are found in Nephrons and are a tuft of cappillaries

A

Glomerulus

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24
Q

These are found in the Nephrons and begin as a sup-shaped glomerular or ______ capsule surrounding the glomerulus

A

Renel Tubule

Bowmans

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25
Q

This is known as the Glomerulus and its glomerular capsule

A

Renal Corpuscle

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26
Q

The glomerular capsule has two layers, what are they?

A

Parietal

Visceral

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27
Q

This is a glomerular layer that is simple squamous epithelium

A

Parietal

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28
Q

This is the glomerular layer that is inside and has branching epithelial podocytes

A

Visceral

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29
Q

These allow filtrate to pass into the capsular space of the renal tubule

A

Filtration slits

30
Q

These are cuboidal cells with dense mircovilli and large mitochondria , they are confined to the cortex

A

Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)

31
Q

This has ascending and descending limbs

A

Loop of Henle

32
Q

This segment is usually in the descending limb

33
Q

This segment is found in the ascending limb

34
Q

This segment of the renal tubule has function more in secretion than absorption and it is confined to the cortex

A

Distal Convoluted tubule

35
Q

These receive filtrates from many nephrons, they fuse together to deliver urine through papillae into minor calyces

A

Collecting Ducts

36
Q

This is a cell type of the collecting ducts that function in maintaining the acid-base balance

A

Intercalated discs

37
Q

THis is a cell type of the collecting ducts that function in the maintaining of the bodies water and salt balance

A

Principal cells

38
Q

These are 85% of almost all of the nephrons, almost all in the cortex

A

Cortical Nephrons

39
Q

These nephrons are long loops of Henley that deeply invade the medulla are are important in the production of concentrated urine

A

Juxtamedullary nephrons

40
Q

These are in the capillary beds and go from afferent to efferent, they specialize in filtration

A

Golmerulus

41
Q

These are in nephron capillary beds that are low pressure, porous capillaries that are adapted for absorption and arise from efferent atrieoles and are in the cortex but empty into venules

A

Peritbular capillaries

42
Q

These are long vessels of the nephron capillary bed parallel to long loops of Henle, that arise from efferent arteioles and function in the concentration of urine

A

Vasa Recta

43
Q

These are one per nephron and are important in regulating the filtrate and blood pressure

A

Juxtaglomerular Apparatus (JGA)

44
Q

These are cells that are enlarged smooth muscle cells of the arteriole, they contain renin and act as mechanorecptors that sense blood pressure

A

Granular Cells

45
Q

These cells are tall closely packed cells of ascending limbs that act as chemorecptors that sense NaCl content of filtrate

A

Macula Densa

46
Q

These cells are interconnected with gap junctions that may pass signals between macula densa and granular cells

A

Extraglomerular mesangial cells

47
Q

This is the porous membrane in-between the blood and capsular space

A

Filtration Membrane

48
Q

This is in the Filtration Membrane and is the covering of the glomerular capillaries

A

Fenestrated endothelium

49
Q

This is the part of the Filtration Membrane that has foot like projections coming from the glomerular capsule

A

Visceral Membrane

50
Q

This is part of the Filtration Membrane and is a gel like _____ _____ fused to the laminae

A

Basement membrane

51
Q

The Filtration Membrane always allows the passage of ____ and other _____

A

Water

Solutes

52
Q

The filtration of the Filtration Membrane prevents the entrance of _____

53
Q

These are in the Filtration Membrane and are known to engulf and degrade macromolecules and can contract to change the entire surface area

A

Glomerular Mesangial cells

54
Q

The kidneys filter the bodies entire plasma volume __ times per day

55
Q

What does the kidney not filter?

56
Q

Urine is only __% of total filtrate

57
Q

What are the three mechanics for urine formation?

A

Glomerular Filtration
Tubular Reabsorption
Tubular Secretion

58
Q

This is a passive mechanical process driven by hydrostatic pressure or NFP, it is very efficient because its membrane is very permeable and has large surface area

A

Glomerular Filtration

59
Q

This is responsible for filtrate formation and is determined by glomerular hydrostatic pressure and the two opposing forces of colloid osmotic pressure and capsular hydrostatic pressure

A

Net Filtration Pressure

60
Q

This is the volume of filtrate formed per minute by the kidneys (120-125 min)

A

Glomerular Filtration Rate

61
Q

What two controls are the GFR controlled by?

A

Intrinsic and Extrinsic

62
Q

This is a control of the GFR that maintains nearly constant GFR when MAP is in the range of 80-180 and act locally in the Kidneys

A

Intrinsic control

63
Q

THis is a control of the GFR when the nervous and endocrine mechanics that maintain blood pressure but affect kidney function

A

Extrinsic Control

64
Q

What are the two intrinsic renal auto regulation?

A

Myogenic

Tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism

65
Q

In this myogenic control, when the blood pressure raises, there is a ______ of afferent arterioles

A

constriction

66
Q

In this myogenic control, when the blood pressure lowers, there is a _____ of afferent arterioles

67
Q

This intrinsic control of the GFR flows-dependent mechanism directed by the macula densa cells

A

Tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism

68
Q

If the NaCl concentration is high, the macula densa cells cause _____ of the afferent arterioles and a reduction in the GFR. The opposite happens when NaCL is low

A

constriction

69
Q

The extrinsic controls of the GFR are controlled by the _______ nervous system

A

Sympathetic

70
Q

Under normal conditions are rest, the renel blood vessels are ______ and the renal autoregulations prevail

71
Q

Under extreme stress, _____ is released by the sympathetic nervous system and ______ is released by the adrenal medulla both casuing constriction of afferent arterioles inhibiting filtration and triggering reinin

A

Norepinephrine

Epinephrine

Module 23- Urinary System (2 decks)

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