Mod 20 part 2 Flashcards
What are the two phases of pulmonary ventilation?
Inspiration
Expiration
What is the process of gasses flowing into the lungs?
Inspiration
or
Inhale
What is the process of gasses flowing out of the lungs?
Expiration
or
Exhale
The movement of air into the lungs is a ____ process caused by a pressure gradient.
Passive
This is the pressure exerted by the air surrounding the body, it is 760 hg mm at sea level.
Atmospheric pressure
This is the pressure inside the airways, it is said to be relative to the atmospheric pressure
Respiratory Pressure
If respiratory pressure is higher (positive) than atmospheric pressure the air will move ____ of the lungs
Out of
If the respiratory pressure is less than the atmospheric pressure (negative) the air will move _____ the lungs
Into
What is the pressure inside the lungs or alveoli called?
Intrapulmonary or Intra-alveoli
Intrapulmonary is ____ when we start breathing in and _____ when we start breathing out.
Negative
Positive
Lungs have the tendency to collapse because of the recoil of ______ fibers surrounding the alveoli and the surface tension of the alveolar tension
elastic
This pressure is always negative and helps prevents your lungs form collapsing
Intrapleural pressure
The pressure difference between the intrapulmonary pressure and the intra-pleural pressure is called the ________ pressure
Transpulmonary
The pressure in the lungs has to be greater than the pressure in the _______ cavity to keep the always open
Pleural
According to boyles law, in a closed container any change in volume or pressure of a gas has an _____ effect on the other parameter
Inverse
Inspiration or the act of breathing in is always an _______ process.
Active
What three factors do the inspiratory muscles have to overcome?
Airway resistance
Alveolar surface tension
Lung compliance
Airway resistance is usually very ____ unless flow is restricted by a narrowing of passages
Low
Alveolar surface tension is lowered just enough by _______ secreted by type II aveolar cells to allow for expansion
Surfactant
Lack of surfactant in a newborn is known as _______ _______ ______ syndrome
Infant respiratory distress
The amount of air inhaled or exhaled with each breath under resting conditions
Tidal Volume (TV)
The volume of air remaining in lungs after a normal Tidal volume expiration
Functional residual capacity
TV + IRV + ERV
Vital Capacity
Amount of air that can be forcefully inhaled after normal tidal volume inhalation
Inspiration reserve volume
IRV
ERV + RV
functional residual capacity
Amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal tidal volume exhalation
Expiratory reserve volume
Amount of air remaining in the lungs after forced exhalation
Residual volume
Maximum amount of air that can be inspired after a normal expiration
Inspiratory capacity
Maximum amount of air that can be expired after a maximum inspiratory effort
Vital capacity
Max. amount of air in the lungs after max. inspiratory effort
Total lung capacity
TV+IRV+ERV+RV
Total lung capacity
TV + IRV
Inspiratory capacity
AVR or ________ is the flow of gases into and out of the alveoli during a particular time.
Alveolar ventilation rate
Some inspired air never contributes to has exchange, this is known as
Dead space
This is the instrument used for measuring respiratory capacities
Spirometers
