MOD 20 - COURSE 6 - ANAGLESIC DRUGS - PT 1 Flashcards
what are types of anaglesic drugs
- anaglesic-antipyretic antiinflammatory drugs
- opiods
- anaglesic adjuvants
what are NSAIDS
- non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
what are some adavatages of anaglesic-antipyretic anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS)
- high oral bioadvailability
- long duration effect
- lack of sedation
- minimal potential for abuse and development of tolerance
what are potential uses for NSAIDS
- effective to low to moderate pain intensit
- consider type and intensity of pain = in assessing anaglesic efficancy
- drugs = effective in controling pain relief - related to nocioceptors - been sensitised to normally painless mechanism tehrmal or chemcial stimuli
most comonly used NSAIDS
- asprin
- acetaminophen - paracetamol
- carprofen/ibrobrufen/ketoprofen
- meloxicam
list some side effects of NSAIDS
-gastric/intestinal AL ulceration
- platelet function disruption
- renal function
- skin phototoxicity
how does NSAIDs cause gastric/intestine ulceration
possibly by local irritant - orally administed drugs - parenteral administration of anaglesic-antipyretic and anti-inflammatory substances - also cause gastric and intestinal ulceration
- Prostoglandsin - inhibit acid secretion - -promote secretion of cytoprotective mucous in the intestine - protective function - blocked in PG syntehsis = inhibited
how is platelt functions disrupted by NSAIDS
- syntehsis in platelets of thromboxane A2(TxA2) - platelet - aggregating agent - inhibited by anaglesic anti-pyretic and anti-inflamm drugs - result in increased bleeding
how is renal function effected by NSAIDS
- if giving analgeisc and antipyrtetic and anti-inflam drugs - debilitate aniamsl - drugs - effect renal function - since renal perfusions = depended on prostoglandin induce vasodilation
- chronic anaglesic- antipyretic and anti-inflam drugs or anaglesic mizture - cause renal injury in susceptible individuals - although nephorpathy = not commnly associate dwiht the use of these drugs
how does NSAIDS cause skin phototoxicity
- described family effect - only seen at high doses - doesnt occur with all calsses of anaglesic-antipyretic adn anti-inflamm drugs
what are opitods
- drugs dervied from natural alkaloids - found in resin of optim poppy
- called narcotics
- controlled drugs
what are the classes of opiods
- natural opiates
- semi-synthetic opiods
- fully synthetic opiods
what are examples of natural opiates
- alkaloids contained in the resin of the opium poppy - primarily morphine and codeine
what are examples of semi-synthetic opiods ?
created from eithr natural opiates or morphine esters i.e. buprenorphrine
what are examples of Fully syntehtic opiods
fentanyl or pethidine
what are effects of opiods
anaglesia
- drowsiness
- alteration of mood
- respiratory depression
- decreased GI motility
- Nausea and vomiting
- alteratiosn of endocrine and autonomic NS
what is a side of effect of large dosess of opiods in aniamsl
may produce seizures - as they increase locomotor activity
which species are they prpedominatley stimulatory in?
- mice
- cats
- horses
- ( produce behavioural depression in other species)
what is buprenophine
an opiod - anaglesic
why is buprenorphine widley used in lab
- lower abuse potential than other opiods - and a relatively long duration of action
- considerable data = avaible on dosgae and efficacyw
what are the side effects of buprenorphine
- cause increased mototr activity rate - cause absnormal eating behaviout - PICA - result in GI complications - PICA behaviour - cause nausea - induce consumption or non nutritive substances i..e bedding - in rats an dmice - who dont vomit
what are some examples of anaglesic adjuvants
- antidepressent
- anticonvulsants
- antihsitamines
- benxodiazepines
- sedative hypostics
- steroids
