MOD 2 - Organisation of Living things

Question 1

Why do multicellular organisms live longer

Answer 1

Energy efficient

Question 2

Tissue

Answer 2

group of similar cells working together to carry out a particular function in a multicellular organism e.g. muscle tissue

Question 3

Example of a specialised cell

Answer 3

Red blood cells - carry oxygen throughout the body using hemoglobin

Question 4

Unicellular Organism

Answer 4

only consist of one cell, performs all the survival processes themselves

Question 5

Multicellular organism

Answer 5

made up of specialised cells, each conducting specific function.

Question 6

Organ

Answer 6

Two or more tissues that work together to perform a specialised job

Question 7

Palisade mesophyll

Answer 7

Perform photosynthesis

Question 8

Leaf structure

Answer 8

Epidermis, cuticle, stomata, mesophyll, vascular bundles

Question 9

Root structure

Answer 9

Epidermis, cortex, vascular bundles

Question 10

Epidermis

Answer 10

Single layer of cells on outside of the leaf (upper and lower) - protect cells inside leaf, prevent water loss

Question 11

Cuticle

Answer 11

Waterproof, prevent water loss

Question 12

Stomata (stoma)

Answer 12

open and close - pores on underside of leaf

Question 13

Guard cells

Answer 13

for gas exchange

Question 14

Palisade layer

Answer 14

Perform photosynthesis

Question 15

Spongey mesophyll

Answer 15

gas can diffuse - makes sure all cells get nutrients

Question 16

Vascular bundles

Answer 16

transport materials around the plant

Question 17

Root epidermis

Answer 17

Outer of roots, covered in epidermis, some cells have root hairs to increase SA:V so mineral and water uptake can be increased

Question 18

Root cortex

Answer 18

Glucose and starch stored

Question 19

Where are oxygen and carbon dioxide exchanged from

Answer 19

Alveoli

Question 20

How does gas exchange occur

Answer 20

via diffusion

Question 21

Characteristics of respiratory surfaces

Answer 21

Large surface area to increase rate of diffusion
Thin easily penetrable surface

Question 22

Two types of digestion

Answer 22

Physical and chemical

Question 23

Proteases

Answer 23

Digestive enzyme in stomach and intestine (responsible for breaking down proteins into amino acids)

Question 24

What vascular tissue facilitates transport of water through a plant?

Answer 24

Xylem (tubes)

Question 25

Transpiration - Cohesion - tension theory

Answer 25

movement of water in plants

Question 26

Translocation

Answer 26

Movement of sugar around plants

Question 26

Source to sink theory

Answer 26

Transport of sugar in plants - sugar actively transported into the phloem at the “source”, then transported through phloem tubes to the “sink”. Source has a high concentration of sugar, sugar moves to area of lower pressure (sink)

Question 27

Xylem and phloem

Question 28

Vascular bundles

Answer 28

Contain xylem and phloem.

Question 29

Double closed circulatory system

Answer 29

4 chambered heart. Receives blood, pumps into lungs, receives it again to pump around the body.

Question 30

Pulmonary circulation

Answer 30

transports blood to and from lungs - right ventricle away from heart, into alveoli, oxygenated blood travels back to heart, left atrium.

Question 31

Systemic circulation

Answer 31

Transports blood to and from body - picks up co2 and waste

Question 32

Artery

Answer 32

High pressure blood away from heart

Question 33

Vein

Answer 33

Low pressure blood towards the heart

Question 34

Semilunar valves

Answer 34

at the exit of ventricles, prevent blood expelled from the heart from flowing back in.

Question 34

Main component of blood

Answer 34

Plasma