MOD 1 - Cells as the basis of Life

Question 1

What does the nucleolus do?

Answer 1

Produces ribosomes

Question 2

What do ribosomes do?

Answer 2

Produce proteins

Question 3

What do lysosomes do?

Answer 3

Digest substances such as cellular waste

Question 4

What do chloroplasts do?

Answer 4

Convert light into chemical energy

Question 5

What is chemical respiration?

Answer 5

The combination of oxygen with glucose to generate ATP

Question 6

What organelle consists of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments?

Answer 6

Cytoskeleton

Question 7

What cells normally have the largest vacuoles?

Answer 7

Plant cells, turgidity (maintain shape)

Question 8

What organelle is responsible for pulling chromosomes apart during cell division?

Answer 8

Centrioles

Question 9

Fluid mosaic model states that cell membranes are…

Answer 9

Phospholipid bilayers

Question 10

Term for proteins that are only temporarily part of the cell membrane

Answer 10

Peripheral proteins

Question 11

Features of Prokaryotes

Answer 11

No membrane bound organelles, unicellular. E.g. Archaea

Question 12

Features of Eukaryotes

Answer 12

Linear DNA

Question 13

What do histological dyes do?

Answer 13

Stain specific structures of specimens

Question 14

Two types of electron microscopes

Answer 14

scanning and transmission

Question 15

What charge are Ions

Answer 15

Positive or Negative charge

Question 16

Is the cell membrane permeable to charged substances?

Answer 16

No

Question 17

Passive transport occurs…

Answer 17

spontaneously (no effort)

Question 18

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 18

diffusion of substances through the cell membrane via proteins (passive)

Question 19

Osmosis

Answer 19

movement of water across a semi permeable membrane

Question 20

Isotonic solution

Answer 20

any external solution that has the same solute and water concentration compared to body fluids.

Question 21

Endocytosis

Answer 21

Transport of materials into cell

Question 21

Hypertonic solution

Answer 21

Solution with a high solute concentration, low water. (Water moves out of cell into solution)

Question 22

Endocytosis

Answer 22

Used to transport materials into the cell. Cell membrane surrounds and engulfs and external substance. Cell membrane then pinches off forming a vesicle inside the cell.

Question 23

Exocytosis

Answer 23

Used to transport materials out of the cell, usually waste.

Question 24

Hypotonic solution

Answer 24

Solution has a lower solute concentration, water will move into cell.

Question 25

Autotroph

Answer 25

Animal that makes its own food

Question 26

Organic compounds

Answer 26

compounds containing carbon

Question 27

Heterotroph

Answer 27

Consumes other organisms

Question 27

Why is low pH detrimental to cells?

Answer 27

causes denaturation of enzymes (bonds break down)

Question 27

What do lipids provide cells with

Answer 27

Long term energy storage - membranes

Question 28

What do Carbohydrates provide cells with

Answer 28

easily accessible energy source - some plants

Question 29

How are nitrogenous wastes formed?

Answer 29

In the breakdown of unwanted proteins and nucleic acids

Question 30

Photosynthesis word equation

Answer 30

carbon dioxide + water = glucose + oxygen

Question 31

Induced fit model

Answer 31

Substrate and enzyme bind at the active site. Active sight isn’t exact fit for the substrate so the substrate causes the enzyme to alter its shape to bind. After reaction, returns to normal shape

Question 31

Thylakoid Discs

Answer 31

Contain chlorophyll in plants

Question 32

Where is chemical energy stored?

Answer 32

Bonds of ATP molecules

Question 32

Function of an enzyme

Answer 32

To catalyse reactions - speed up chemical reactions in cells

Question 32

Cell differentiation

Answer 32

Process by which unspecialized cells become specialised