Mod 2: Models of Communication Flashcards
speaker —> speech —> audience
Aristotelian Model
What is the most important part of Aristotelian Model?
The setting
Three types of setting in Aristotelian model that dictates the message
legal, deliberative, ceremonial
What is the legal setting in Aristotelian model?
courts where ordinary people defend themselves
What is the deliberative setting in Aristotelian model?
political assemblies
What is the ceremonial setting in Aristotelian model?
celebrations held when they won a war
a mathematical theory of communication
Shannon-Weaver model
The mathematician
Claude Shannon
The electrical engineer
Warren Weaver
the person (or object or thing) who has the information to begin with
Sender (Information Source)
the machine that converts the idea into signals that can be sent from the sender to the receiver
Encoder (transmitter)
infrastructure that gets information from the sender and transmitter through the decoder and receiver; “medium”
Channel
interrupts a message while it’s on the way from the sender to the receiver; could interrupt understanding of a message
Noise
end-point; the person finally gets the message, or what’s left of it after accounting for noise
Receiver (Destination)
came up with the feedback step in response to criticisms of the linear nature of the approach of the shannon-weaver
Norbert Weiner
the shannon-weaver model is taken by some critics as a
“misleading misrepresentation of the nature of human communication”
Who invented the transactional model?
Dean C. Barnlund
each person in this type of communication acts as both a speaker and a receiver
Transactional model
means that communication is an ongoing and continuously changing process
transactional
criticisms of transactional model
1) the sender cannot be sure that tha receiver got the message intended without verbal response
2) gives opportunity for a lot of noise
suggested that the communication is a two-way process where both sender and receiver take turns to send a message
Wilbur Schramm
individuals beliefs, values, experiences, and learned meanings both as an individual and part of a group
Field of experience
what is the other name of Osgood and Schramm model of communication
Encode-Decode Model of Communication
assume that communication is circular in nature and feedback is the central figure
Osgood-Schramm Model
American communication theorist
David Berlo
What does SMCR stands for?
Sender-Message-Channel-Receiver
elements under sender and receiver in Berlo’s SMCR model of communication
Communication skills, attitudes, knowledge, social system, culture
elements under message in Berlo’s SMCR model of communication
code, content, structure, treatment, elements
through this you get to give the message through which communication takes place or being reached
code
packing of the message, how it is conveyed or passed on or delivered
treatment
includes various things like language, gestures, body language, etc.
elements
elements under channel
hearing, seeing, touching, smelling, tasting
in this communication model, there is no concept of feedback, no concept of noise, and both the people must be similar to all factors
Berlo’s SMCR Model of Communication
the most influential model, action model or linear model or one-way model od communication
Laswell’s model of communication
communication theorist in 1948
Harold D. Laswell
the communicator or sender or source of the message in Laswell’s model of communication
who (communicator)
type of analysis used in who (communicator) in Laswell’s model
control analysis
the content of the message in Laswell’s model
says what (message)
analysis used in says what (message) in Laswell’s model
content analysis
the medium or media in Laswell’s model
in which channel (medium)
analysis used in in which channel in Laswell’s model
media analysis
the receiver of the message or an audience in Laswell’s model
to whom (receiver)
analysis used in to whom in Laswell’s model
audience analysis
the feedback of the receiver to the sender
with what effect (effect)
analysis used in with what effect in Laswell’s model
effect analysis
this model states that “every message sent will have a corresponding effect to the receiver”
Laswell’s model
the first and earliest model
Aristotelian model
in this model, field of experience is important in understanding the message
Schramm model
a model of the ingredients of community
berlo’s SMCR model of communication
the first and earliest model
Aristotelian model
