Mod 2: Effects of Drugs and Drug Interactions

Question 1

It is the therapeutic effect
of the drug
Desired response to drug

Answer 1

PRIMARY EFFECT

Question 2

Side effects, adverse drug 
reactions, drug toxicity 
and drug allergy, 
teratogenic and 
carcinogenic effects

Answer 2

SECONDARY EFFECT

Question 3

drugs combined with other

drugs and foods

Answer 3

DRUG INTERACTIONS

Question 4

• is a response to a drug that is directly opposite the desired
  therapeutic effect.

Answer 4

paradoxical response

Question 5

1. Side-effects
2. Adverse drug reactions
3. Drug toxicity
4. Drug allergy
5. Teratogenic and carcinogenic effects

Answer 5

SECONDARY EFFECT

Question 6

secondary effects of drug therapy that can be predictable ranging from inconvenient,
severe or life threatening

Answer 6

Side-effects

Question 7

are unintentional, unexpected reactions to drug therapy that occur at normal drug
dosages
-reactions are undesirable, could be mild to severe, must be reported and documented

Answer 7

Adverse drug reactions

Question 8

• simple overdose with extended desired effect occurrence

Answer 8

primary adverse reactions

Question 9

wide variety of effects in addition to the desired effect

Answer 9

secondary actions

secondary adverse effect

Question 10

occurs when drug levels exceed the therapeutic range secondary to overdose (intentional or unintentional) or drug accumulation

Answer 10

Drug toxicity

Question 11

-factors that influence drug toxicity

Answer 11

disease, genetics and age

Question 12

The liver is where most drugs are metabolized, where oral drugs are absorbed and
passed directly that may lead to liver damage

Answer 12

Hepatotoxicity

Question 13

gentamycin as a potent antibiotic is frequently associated with renal injury

Answer 13

Renal injury

Question 14

occurs when an overdose of drug damages multiple body systems.

Answer 14

Poisoning

Question 15

Occurs when the body forms antibodies to a particular drug causing an immune
response

Answer 15

Drug allergy

Question 16

4 types of Drug allergy

Answer 16

anaphylactic reaction
Cytotoxic reaction
Serum sickness reaction
Delayed allergic reaction

Question 17

antibody reaction at specific sites releasing histamine causing immediate reactions

Answer 17

anaphylactic reaction

secs.-min

Question 18

antibodies in blood attack drug on cell site causing death of the cell manifesting over a few days

Answer 18

Cytotoxic reaction

—mins-hrs

Question 19

antibodies circulate in blood depositing on blood vessels causing damage to tissue and occurs up to 1 week or more after exposure

Answer 19

Serum sickness reaction

– hrs-<1day

Question 20

occurs several hours after exposure and antibodies are bound to specific white blood cells

Answer 20

Delayed allergic reaction

–1 day-several days

Question 21

teratogen substances can cause developmental abnormalities

Answer 21

teratogenic effect

Question 22

Teratogenic period
begins _____ after conception and after ____ may cause to either death of the embryo or minor cellular damage without congenital birth defects

Answer 22

2 weeks

Question 23

drugs are potentially dangerous that chemical reactions occur altering both normal
and abnormal body tissues.

Answer 23

carcinogenic drug

Question 24

Types of Drug interactions

Answer 24

Drug to Drug interaction
Drug to drug interactions and pharmacokinetics
Drug-Food Interaction
Drug-Laboratory Test Interactions

Question 25

Types of Drug to Drug interaction

Answer 25

Synergistic
Additive
Antagonistic

Question 26

clinical effect of two drugs given together is substantially greater than either drug alone

Answer 26

Synergistic

Question 27

-sum of the effects of two drugs. in combination with other medications like
antihypertensive and diuretics or two vasodilators

Answer 27

additive

Question 28

-one drug reduces or blocks the effect of the other

Answer 28

antagonistic

Question 29

Occurs when a drug alters the disposition (absorption, distribution, elimination) of a co-administered agent

Answer 29

Drug to drug interactions and pharmacokinetics

Question 30

It occurs when drug and food are in direct contact in the stomach

Answer 30

Drug-Food Interaction

Question 31

The body works through a series of chemical reactions and administration of drugs may alter results of tests as part of diagnostic study

Answer 31

Drug-Laboratory Test Interactions

Question 32

Nursing Responsibilities

Therapeutic Effect

Answer 32

1. Assess the response to medication

2. Educate on compliance and adherence

Question 33

Nursing Responsibilities

Side effect

Answer 33

1. Teaching patient about side effects
2. Implement other interventions to minimize the side
   effect and avoid injury
3. Encourage to talk about it as this is one of the reasons
   why they stop taking their prescribed medications
4. Refer accordingly as medical management: dosage
   adjustment, changing to different drug in same class
   maybe advised by the medical doctor

Question 34

Nursing Responsibilities

Adverse effect

Answer 34

1. Assess and monitor the response of patient and report
   and document at once,
2. implement other interventions like health teachings to
   reduce effect or prevent unnecessary injury
3. observe safety precautions in drug administration

Question 35

Nursing Responsibilities

Teratogenic effect

Answer 35

1. When planning to get pregnant or during pregnancy
   state, advise client to take drugs only prescribed by
   doctor
2. Advised to have a regular prenatal check-up

Question 36

Nursing Responsibilities

Carcinogenic effect

Answer 36

1. Educate to take medications as prescribed by the
   doctor.
2. Observe safety precautions in drug administration

Question 37

Nursing Responsibilities

Drug interactions

Answer 37

1. Assess and monitor the response of patient and report
   and document at once,
2. Observe safety precautions in drug administration

Question 38

Nursing Responsibilities

Toxic effect

Answer 38

1. Educate to take medications as prescribed by the
   doctor
2. Knowledge and readiness of available antidote drugs