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Pharmacology Lec > Mod 1 (The Role of the Nurse in Pharmacotherapy) > Flashcards

Mod 1 (The Role of the Nurse in Pharmacotherapy) Flashcards

1
Q

the study of biological effects of chemicals.

A

Pharmacology

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2
Q

chemicals that are introduced into the body to cause some sort of
change.

A

Drugs

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3
Q

the branch of

pharmacology that uses drugs to treat, prevent and diagnose disease.

A

pharmacotherapeutics

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4
Q

Role of Doctor
P-
I-
A-

A

P- Prescribe
I- Identify treatment
A- Administer

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5
Q 
Role of Nurse:
M-
A-
J-
A-
A

M- Monitor effects
A- Assess safety
J- Judge Response
A- Administer

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6
Q 
Role of Pharmacist:
J-
O-
D-
I-
A

J- Judge Response
O- Order implementation
D- Dispense
I- Information Provider

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7
Q

There are 5 stages of the medication process:

A

a) ordering/prescribing,
(b) transcribing and verifying,
(c) dispensing and delivering,
(d) administering, and
(e) monitoring and reporting

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8
Q

nursing responsibilities

A

o Administering drugs
o Assessing drug effects
o Intervening to make the drug regimen more tolerable
o Providing patient teaching about drugs and drug regimens
o Monitoring the overall patient care plan to prevent medication errors

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9
Q

These are transport Mechanisms of Drugs Across Plasma Membranes

A

a. Pathways

b. Mechanisms of Transport

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10
Q

Pathways of drug transport

A
  1. Direct Penetration
  2. Protein channels
  3. Carrier proteins
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11
Q

What are the mechanisms of Transport

A
  1. Passive diffusion
  2. Facilitated diffusion
  3. Active transport
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12
Q

3 PHASES OF DRUG ACTION

A
  1. Pharmaceutic Phase
  2. Pharmacokinetic Phase
  3. Pharmacodynamics Phase
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13
Q

Phase where drug is administered enterally

  • —-Disintegration
  • —Dissolution
A

Pharmaceutic Phase

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14
Q

the tablet is broken down into smaller

particles

A

Disintegration

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15
Q

dissolves the smaller particles in the GI fluid before absorption

A

Dissolution

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16
Q

drugs that resist disintegration

A

Enteric-coated

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17
Q

Processes of Pharmacokinetics

A

Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion

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18
Q

the process that occurs from the time a drug enters the body to the time it enters the blood stream to be circulated.

A

Absorption

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19
Q

WHAT ARE THESE?
A. Absorption that occurs mostly by diffusion
B. Absorption that requires a carrier (i.e., an enzyme or protein) to move
drugs across a concentration gradient
C. Absorption that cells carry drugs across their membranes by engulfing the drug particles (cell drinking)

A

a. Passive absorption
b. Active absorption
c. Pinocytosis

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20
Q

Factors that can affect drug absorption include:

A

a. Lipid solubility
b. Ionization
c. Molecular and particle size
d. Physical form
e. Area of absorptive surface
f. Vascularity
g. Presence of other substances
h. GI mobility
i. Functional integrity of absorptive surface
j. Diseases
k. Bioavailability
- —–read furthermore in the module

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21
Q

Methods of delaying absorption:

A
  1. Vasoconstrictors
  2. Formulation- Transdermal route, oily preparations, slow-releasing- (SR)
    preparations.
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22
Q

Methods of enhancing absorption:

A
  1. Formulation- SL drugs are rapidly absorbed. Aspirin is rapidly absorbed when
    dissolved in water
  2. Massage
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23
Q

the movement of a drug to the body’s tissues.

A

Distribution

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24
Q

Most drugs are bound to _____ in the blood to be carried in the circulation

A

Protein

— Protein binding

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25
Q

drugs that are lipid soluble can pass through this barrier while drugs that are not lipid soluble are not able to pass

A

Blood-brain barrier

26
Q

Some drugs, following drug absorption, pass from the

intestinal lumen to the liver via the portal vein.

A

Metabolisms (Metabolism)

27
Q

a large portion of the oral drug is destroyed at this point and never reaches the tissues

A

first-pass effect.

28
Q

these are intracellular structures of the hepatic cells that are lined with enzymes

A

Hepatic microsomal system

29
Q

involves the presence of a chemical that Is metabolized by a particular enzyme system often increases the activity of that enzyme system.

A

Enzyme induction

30
Q

Phases of Enzyme induction

A

PHASE I - Involves the oxidation, reduction or hydrolysis of the drug via cytochrome p450 system of enzymes
PHASE II - involves
conjugation reaction that makes the drug more polar and more readily excreted by the kidneys.

31
Q

This is the reason why some drugs cannot be taken together. Some drugs may speed up the metabolism of another while some drugs may inhibit the enzyme system of another drug

A

Enzyme induction

32
Q

the removal of the drug from the body through the skin, saliva, lungs, bile
and feces.

A

Excretion

33
Q

primary site of excretion for drugs that were made water-soluble
by the liver

A

Renal excretion

34
Q

Excretion is dependent on the ___ of the filtrate in the renal tubule

A

pH

35
Q

for drugs delivered by gaseous or volatile liquid form, drugs are excreted in their unmetabolized form.

A

Pulmonary excretion

36
Q

Water soluble drugs can be secreted through the saliva, sweat or breast milk.

A

Glandular secretion

37
Q

Certain oral drugs travel through the GI tract without being absorbed and are excreted in the feces

A

Fecal and biliary excretion

38
Q

branch in pharmacology concerned with the effects of

drugs and their mechanism of action

A

Pharmacodynamics

39
Q

broad categories of drugs based on therapeutic

intent

A

Therapeutic classifications

40
Q

groups drugs based on their mechanism of

action

A

Pharmacologic classifications

41
Q

The time it takes a drug to reach the minimum effective concentration after the drug is administered.

A

Onset

42
Q

Occurs when a drug reaches its highest blood or plasma

concentration

A

Peak levels

43
Q

the length of time the drug has a pharmacologic effect

A

Duration of drug action

44
Q

A higher dose than the usual dose for treatment to reach the critical
concentration. This is given since some drugs take a prolonged period to reach
critical concentration when their effects are needed quickly.

A

Loading dose

45
Q

maintains the desired steady-state drug concentration. It is a
small fixed dose

A

Maintenance dose

46
Q

the time it takes for the amount of drug in the body to decrease to one
half of the peak level it previously achieved.

A

Half-life

47
Q

describes a drug’s margin of safety. Based on the ratio of a drug’s median lethal dose to its median effective dose

A

Median lethal dose- dose required to be lethal to 50%
Median effective dose- the dose required to produce a specific therapeutic response in 50% of a group of patients.

48
Q

PHASES of Dose-response Relationship

A

Phase 1- lowest dose, flatness, target cells affected
Phase 2- rising straight line, linear relationship
Phase 3- plateau, all target receptor has been occupied

49
Q

Durgs interact w/ receptors in reversible manner

  • activation and inactivation
  • permeability changes of cell membrane
  • modification of synthesis release
A

Receptor Theory

50
Q

strength of a drug at a specified concentration or dose.

A

Potency

51
Q

the greatest maximal response that can be produced from a

particular drug

A

Efficacy

52
Q

The study of genetic variations that result in interindividual differences in drug response

A

Pharmacogenetics

53
Q

As members of health team, nurses shall collaborate with other health care providers
for the curative, preventive and rehabilitative aspects of cares, restoration of
health, alleviation of suffering, and when
recovery is not possible, towards a peaceful
death.

A

R.A. 9173
Philippine Nursing Act
of 2002

54
Q

This Act aims to protect and promote the
right to health of the Filipino people and to
establish and maintain an effective health
products regulatory system.

A

R.A. 9711
Food and Drug
Administration Act of
2009

55
Q

Standard which safeguards the consumer by providing accurate information on the drug products sold in the market

Generic labeling requirements of drug products

A 
A.O. 2016-008 
Revised Rules and 
regulations governing 
generic labeling 
requirements of Drug 
products for Human 
Use
56
Q

Safeguard the integrity of its territory and the well-being of its citizenry from the harmful effects of dangerous drugs on their physical and
mental well-being

A

R.A. 6675

Generics Act of 1988

57
Q

An act to ensure the safety and purity of foods, drugs, and cosmetics being made
available to the public by creating the FDA

A

R.A. 3720
Food, Drugs and
Cosmetics Act

58
Q

An act creating the Philippine institute of traditional and alternative health care (PITAHC) to accelerate the development of traditional and alternative health care in the
Philippines

A

R.A. 8423
Traditional and
Alternative Medicine
Act (TAMA) of 1997

59
Q

To provide guidelines for the
implementation of at least 20% discount
and VAT exemption in all medical, and
health-related services for PWDs.

A

A.O. 2017-0008
Implementing
Guidelines of
RA 10754

60
Q

Art. 7 Sec 1. MEDICINE AND DRUG

PURCHASES - The 20% discount and VAT

A

R.A. 9994
Expanded Seniors
Citizen Act of 2010

61
Q

Rights of Patients as appropriate to medication administration

A

Right to appropriate Medical Care and Humane treatment
Right to Information
Right to self-determination

62
Q

READ ON DRUG LABELLING AND DRUG INFORMATION

A

EXPLAIN PART

Pharmacology Lec (2 decks)

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