Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Nur 611 > Mod 2- Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Mod 2- Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

Nitrates

A

Nitroglycerin
MOA: directly dilates veins
Indication: acute angina and HF
SE/AE: h/a,orthostatic hypotension
Dosing: 0.4mg q5min for 3 doses
Contraindicated if of sildenafil, vardenafil or tadlafil; or if suspected right ventricular myocardial infarction
Treat hypotension with fluids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Beta Blockers

A

Propan-
Metopr-
Labeta- olol
MOA: block beta receptors- decreases heart workload
Indication: angina; HTN, HF, AMI, dysrhythmias, migraines, anxiety
SE/AE: fatigue, bradycardia, hypoglycemia
BB: abrupt discontinuation can cause cardiac events
Propanolol- highest risk for bronchoconstriction
First line for angina prevention
Carvedilol is primarily used for HF
Safest BP med during pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Ranolazine

A

MOA: unknown- decreases O2 demand
Indication: angina prevention
SE/AE: QT prolongation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Sodium Channel Blockers (class 1a)

A

Procainamide
Slows cardiac conduction
Indication: arrhythmia
BB: lupus like syndrome, blood dyscrasias, proarrythmic effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Sodium Channel Blockers (class 1b)

A

Lidocaine
MOA: slows cardiac conduction
Indications: arrythmias
SE/AE: CNS effects
Contraindicated for WPW and certain heart blocks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Sodium Channel Blockers (class 1C)

A

Flecainide; Propafenone
MOA: slows cardiac conduction
Indications: arrhythmia
BB: Proarhythmic effects- possible increased mortality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Class 2 antiarrythmics

A

Beta blockers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Potassium blockers- Class 3 antiarrythmics

A

Amiodarone
MOA: prolongs repolarization
Indications: Arrhythmias
SE/AE: bradycardia, hypotension, hepatotoxicity; pulmonary toxicity; skin sensitive to light
BB: pulm toxicity; hepatotoxicity; proarrythmic effects
Not safe for pregnancy
Avoid grapefruit juice
Lasts in body for several months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Calcium channel Blockers: class 4 antiarrythmics

A

Cardizem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Adenosine

A

MOA: decreases automaticity and slows conduction
Indications: tachydysrhythmia treatment and diagnostics
Patients must be on cardiac monitor
Onset in a few seconds
Chemical conversion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cardiac Glycosides- Digoxin

A

MOA: increased effects of calcium resulting in increased contractility
Indication: dysrhythmias and HF with reduced EF
SE/AE:: n/v; visual disturbances; bradycardia
Antidote for toxicity is digoxin-immune fab

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Heparin

A

MOA: indirectly inhibits thrombin
Indication: treatment and prevention of thromboembolic events
SE/AE: hemorrhage; HIT
Reversed with protamine sulfate
Considered safe during pregnancy
Enoxaparin is another drug in this class
Monitor aPTT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Warfarin

A

Vitamin K antagonist
MOA: decreases production of vitamin K clotting factors
Onset is 12-72 hours
Monitor PT and INR- INR should be 2-3 on warfarin
Reversed with vitamin k
Interacts with many meds
Patients cannot increase their vitamin k intake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Dabigatran (praxada)

A

Direct thrombin inhibitors
MOA: directly inhibits thrombin
Indication: DVT PE and prevention of clots with afib
SE/AE: GI upset
BB: abrupt discontinuation increases risk of thromboembolic events
Argatroban- for HIT; is also in this class

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Factor Xa inhibitors: Rivaroxaban Apixaban

A

MOA: inhibits factor Xa
Indications: treats DVT, PE and prevention of Afib clots
BB: abrupt discontinuation can lead to thromboembolic events
Reversed with factor Xa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Aspirin

A

MOA: COX inhibition causes suppression of platelet aggregation- irreversible for the life of the platelet (7-10 days)
Indications: prevention of thombotic events, stokes, MI, ACS and more
SE/AE: GI bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Tirofiban (aggrastat)

A

Glycoprotein IIb/IIa inhibitors
MOA: inhibits these glycoproteins resulting in inhibition of platelet aggregation
Indication: prevention of patients having an MI
IV only- considered an antiplatelet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Clopidogrel; Ticagrelor

A

ADP receptor antagonists
MOA: blocking ADP receptors resulting in decreased platelet aggregation
Indications: prevention of thrombotic events in patients having an AMI and reduce risk for hx of MI, stroke, atherosclerosis
Often given with aspirin
Considered an antiplatelet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Thrombolytics

A

Alteplase; reteplase; tenecteplase
MOA: initiates fibrinolysis
Indications: AMI, CVA, PE
IV only
SE/AE: intracranial hemorrhage
High risk

20
Q

Tranexamic Acid

A

MOA: inhibits fibrinolysis, inhibits plasmin
Indications: bleeding with associated menstruation, trauma and more

21
Q

Antihypertensives: 1st Line

A

ACEI/ARB; Thiaszide Diuretics; Calcium Channel Blockers

22
Q

ACE-Inhibitors

A

Lisinopril, captopril
MOA: inhibit angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2
Indications: HTN, ACS, CKD, stroke prevention, HF
SE/AE: kidney injury, angioedema, cough, hyperKalemia
Captopril can cause neutropenia
Teratogenic

23
Q

ARB

A

Losartan, Valsartan
MOA: inhibits angiotensin two receptors
Indications: kidney disease
SE/AE: kidney injury and hyperkalemia
Less likely to have cough and angioedema vs ACEI
Teratogenic

24
Q

Thiazide Diuretic

A

Hydrosholorthiazide; chlorthalidone
MOA: blocks reabsorption of sodium and chloride
Indications: HTN and edema
Most prescribed class of diuretics

25
Q

Calcium channel blockers- dihydropyridines

A

Amlodipine; Nicardipine- dihydropyridines- do not affect HR
MOA: inhibits calcium resulting in relaxation of vascular smooth muscle and vasodilation
Indications: angina and HTN
Used a first line for african american

26
Q

Calcium channel blockers- non-dihyropyridines

A

Verapamil; diltiazem
MOA: relaxation of vascular smooth muscle and vasodilation and also decrease cardiac cellular excitability and contractility
Indications: angina, afib, HTN, SVT
SE/AE/ dysrhythmias
Contraindications: 2nd and 3rd degree AV blocks, SSS, hypotension
Not first line for HTN

27
Q

Hydralazine

A

Direct vasodilators
MOA: directly dilates arteries
Indications: HF, hypertensive urgency, HTN
SE/AE: lupus like syndrome, refles tachy and hypotension
Very common to get headache
Isosorbide dinitrate is another vasodilator that is often given together along with bidil as well

28
Q

Sodium Nitroprusside

A

MOA: directly dilate arteries and veins
Indications: acute HF and acute HTN
SE/AE: cyanide toxicity and hypotension
IV only

29
Q

Clonidine Methyldopa: alpha two agonist

A

MOA: stimulates alpha two adrenergic receptor reducing sympthetic stimulation
Indications: hypertension
SE/AE: drowsiness
Clonidine often used PRN
Methyldopa is considered safe during pregnancy

30
Q

Aliskiren

A

Renin blocker
MOA: inhibits renin
indications: HTN
Alternative agent; never first line
Teratogenic

31
Q

Doxazosin prazosin

A

Alpha one adrenergic antatgonists
MOA: inhibits alpha one receptors
indications: BPH and HTN
SE/AE: orthostatic hypotension and reflex tachy
Tamsulosin is alpha 1 agonist used only for BPH

32
Q

HF dose of carvedilol

A

Much lower than hypertensive dose

33
Q

Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor

A

Amrinone; milrinone
MOA: inhibiting phosphodiesterase resulting in increased contractility and vasodilation
Indications: HF with reduced EF
SE/AE: dysrhythmias and hypotension
Parenterally only

34
Q

Sacubitril-valsartan (entresto)

A

MOA: inhibits neprilysin which increases vasodilation plus blocks the RAAS
Indication: heart failure
Also referred to as an ARNI
Not safe during pregnancy

35
Q

Bidil

A

Isosorbide dinitrate- hydralazine
MOA: dilates veins and arteries
Indications: HF with reduced EF
SE/AE: hypotension and headache

36
Q

Dobutamine

A

MOA: beta one agonist
Indications: acute decompensated HF
IV only
Considered vasopressor but not vasoconstrictor

37
Q

Epinephrine/norepinephrine - vasopressor

A

Vasopressors; alpha and beta-adrenergic activation

38
Q

Phenylephrine- vasopressor

A

Alpha adrenergic activation

39
Q

Dopamine- vasopressor

A

Low dose: dopaminergic activation- increased flow to kidneys
Medium Dose:; dopaminergic and beta-adrenergic activation
High Dose: alpha adrenergic activation

40
Q

Isoproterenol/dobutamine- Vasopressor

A

Beta adrenergic activation (does not cause vasoconstriction)

41
Q

Vasopressors

A

MOA: activate according receptors
Indication: shock
SE/AE: tachycardia palpitations
BB: IV extravasation- give phentolamine to treat/ give through central line

42
Q

Loop Diuretics

A

Bumetanide; furosemide
MOA: blocks reabsorption of sodium and chloride in loop of henle
Indications: edema r/t HF, liver failure, kidney failure, alternative for hypertension
SE/AE: ototoxicity
BB: fluid and electrolyte imbalances
Most potent diuretics

43
Q

Potassium Sparing Diuretics (aldosterone antagonist): Examples; MOA; indications; SE/AE

A

Spironolactone
MOA: blocks aldosterone
Indications: HTN, edema, HF
Caution with drugs that increase potassium

44
Q

Osmotic Diuretic: examples, MOA, indications

A

Mannitol
Interferes with water reabsorption in the kidneys, acts as hypertonic solution
Indications: reduction of ICP and IOP, increase diuresis related to renal failure

45
Q

Antidiuretic Hormone: MOA, indications; off-label use

A

Decreases urine output and vasoconstriction
Indication: shock and cardiac arrest
Off label: Diabetes Insipidous

46
Q

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor: Examples, MOA, Indications

A

Drug: Acetazolamide
MOA: increased renal excretion of sodium, potassium, bicarbonate and water
Indications: Glaucoma, acute mountain sickness

Nur 611 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions