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Medical- Surgical > Mod 2 > Flashcards

Mod 2 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What is overflow incontinece?

A

Involuntary urine loss associated with overdistention of the bladder

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2
Q

In older adults over 60 year how much residual urine may remain after voiding and why?

A

50- 100 mls because of decreased contractility of the detrusor muscles

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3
Q

What is urinary suppression?

A

When the kidney aren’t functioning properly and making urine

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4
Q

How do you determine post void residual PVR?

A

Straight catheter

Bladder scan

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5
Q

Tenesmus

A

Painful to void seen in UTIs

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6
Q

Anuria is an urine output less the what?

A

50 mls

Acute and chronic renal failure

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7
Q

At what age should enuresis stop?

A

5 years old

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8
Q

What are the FVD manifestations and intervention?

A

Manifestation: acute weight loss 5%, decreased skin turgor, dry mucous membranes, oliguria or anuria, increased hematocrit, BUN, hypothermia

Intervention: fluid challenge, fluid replacement

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9
Q

What are the FVE manifestations and intervention?

A

Manifestation: acute weight gain, edema, crackles, sob, decreased BUN, decreased hematocrit, distended neck veins

Intervention: fluid and sodium restrictions, diuretic, dialysis

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10
Q

What are the Sodium deficit manifestations and intervention?

A

Manifestation: Nausea, malaise,lethargy, headache, abdominal cramps,seizures

Intervention: diet, normal saline, hypertonic saline

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11
Q

What are the Sodium excess manifestations and intervention?

A

Manifestation: dry sticky mucous membranes, thirst, rough dry tongue, fever, restlessness

Intervention: fluid, diuretic agent, dietary restrictions

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12
Q

What are the Potassium deficit manifestations and intervention?

A

Anorexia, abdominal distention, paralytic ileum, muscle weakness, ECG changes, dysthymias

Intervention: diet, oral or parenteral potassium replacement therapy

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13
Q

What are the Potassium excess manifestations and intervention?

A

Manifestation: diarrhea, colic, nausea, irritability, muscle weakness, ECG changes

Intervention: dietary restrictions, diuretics, IV glucose, insulin and sodium bicarbonate, cation exchange resin, calcium gluconate, dialysis

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14
Q

What are the Calcium deficit manifestations and intervention?

A

Manifestation: abdominal and muscle cramps, stridor, carpopedal spasms, hyperactive reflexes, tetany, positive chvostek’s or trousseau sign, tingling or the fingers and around the mouth

Intervention: diet, oral or parenteral calcium salt replacement

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15
Q

What are the Calcium excess manifestations and intervention?

A

Manifestation: deep bone pain, flank pain, muscle weakness, depressed deep tendon reflexes, constipation, nausea and vomiting, confusion, impaired, impaired memory, polyuria, polydipsia,ECG change

Intervention: fluid replacement, etidronate, pamidronate, mithramycin, calcitonin, glucorticoids, phosphate salt

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16
Q

What is urinary retention?

A

It is the inability to empty the bladder completely during attempts to void

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17
Q

What is iatrogenic urinary incontinece?

A

Involuntary urine loss due to medical factors such as medication like BP meds

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18
Q

What are intervention for urinary incontinece?

A

Fluid management
Times voiding
Bladder training
Pelvic muscles exercises

19
Q

What is a superpubic catheter?

A

It is a catheter inserted through the abdominal wall above the pubis and secured with sutures or tape

20
Q

Is intermittent self catheterization a sterile procedure if some at home?

A

No the client dose this at home they will need to wash hand and the urinary meatus with warm water/ anti bacterial soap

21
Q

When educating the patient on intermittent self catheterization what should the nurses emphasize?

A

The importance of frequent catheterization and emptying the bladder at the prescribed time ( every 4-6 hours)

22
Q

What does retro peritoneal mean?

A

Behind the peritoneal

23
Q

What is the only nonsterile part of the urinary system?

A

Urinary meatus

24
Q

What two substance are not normally found in the urine?

A

Glucose and amino acids (proteins)

25
Q

At what level will glucose appear in the urine?

A

Blood glucose of 180

26
Q

If protein appears in the urine what can you assume?

A

That there is damage to the glomeruli because protein molecules are to large to be filtered at the glomeruli

27
Q

What might be the cause of urine is blue, blue green?

A

Dyes, methylene use during procedures

28
Q

What could be the cause of urine that is orange to Amber?

A

Phenazopyridine used to relieve pain during urination UTI

29
Q

What major role do the kidneys play?

A

B/p regulation, acid base regulation, elec excretions

30
Q

What is the normal BUN?

A

11-23 mg/ 100 ml

31
Q

What does the body use amino acids for?

A

Rebuilding/ fuel

32
Q

negative does the body use nitrogenous for?

A

Nothing it’s waste

33
Q

Urea nitrogen is the end product of what?

A

Protein metabolism

34
Q

When you are looking for a kidney function test is BUN a good choice?

A

No because increased BUN can be caused by something other than kidney disfunction

Low profusion pressure (shock)
volume depletion
Increased catabolic process

BUN levels must be examined with serum creatinine levels

35
Q

What is normal creatinine levels?

A

0.6 to 1.2 mg/ml

Most sensitive measure of renal function

36
Q

What is unaffected by diet and fluid intake?

A

Creatinine

37
Q

What is the normal BUN to creatinine ratio?

A

20:1

38
Q

Dullness to percussion of the bladder after voiding indicates what?

A

Incomplete bladder emptying

39
Q

What will need to be done to preform a IVP intravenous pyelogram?

A

-Obtain a patient history
- history of allergies- if patient has a positive history a test dose is given intruder ally if there is no reaction in 15 min the IV does is given
- iodine or shellfish
- restless, apprehensive, wheezing
ANAPHYLACTOID REACTION
-inform patient they may feel warmth, flushing in the face And unusual flavor

40
Q

What are the emergency drugs need to treat anaphylactic reaction?

A

Epinephrine, corticosteroids and vasopreseors, antihistamines, bronchodilator as well as o2 equipment

41
Q

What dose a KUB kidney, ureter, bladder do?

A

It is an X-Ray of the abdomen to determine size, shape and position of the kidneys to reveal any abnormalities

42
Q

How does the IVP work?

A

Allows visualization of the renal perenchyma, calices and pelvis as well as the ureter, bladder and urethra following a contract medium it is used to diagnose lesion of the kidneys and ureters and a rough estimate of renal fiction

43
Q

How is the retrograde pyelography used?

A

This allows radiographic examination of the renal collecting system after injection of contrast medium through a urethral catheter

Medical- Surgical (9 decks)

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