MOD 2 Flashcards
THEORY
what are the basic concepts for crimilogical theory
explanatory frameworks
research stradegies
data and anayisis/interpretation
idea reformulations
policy impications
what is a theory
it embraces a set of interrelated definitions and relationships that organize our concepts of understanding the world in a systematic, empirical way in order to measure
what does a theory let us do
measure it
explain it
make preditcions
they’re testable
lets us understand the behaviour
what common behaviours would we find in breaking the laws
biology, sociology and psychology
why do criminologist intergrate theories
in order to understand behaviour under study in a more complex and complete way
what are common theoretical debates
the tension between theories that focus on structure vs process
assumptions about human nature
conceptions with links between society and individual behaviour
degree of social consensus
how do we test theories empricially
we must be able to re-test them, operational, and be observable in some way
what does it mean when a theory is operational
if we were looking at the idea of friendship, we need an operational definition to define what friendship would mean in its construct in order to study it
what do we look at in theories when its in a social policy form
changing the individual, local communities, society, law, and looking at the limitations of theories in general.
When people violated social norms in the Middle Ages (1500’s) what would it be known for
that those who violated social norms were demonic and were posessed or knew witchcraft
what would happen to these people who violated social norms in the 1500s
they would be burned by being drilled with holes in their head to let out the evil spirits
a t bone would be kept and warn to keep the evil spirits away
when burned the people of 1500s who violated social norms what bone was kept and why
the trephination because this was a practice and was a form of surgery designed to keep away the evil spirits
in medieval times how did people stay away from crimes and why
they were subjective to deal with the consequence in different ways like death penalty or shame depending on crime because police didn’t exist
what are ordeals
ordeals are trials to prove guilt or innocence but in harsh ways
how were punishments given
through trials by ordeals
what were the type of crimes in medieval times
gossiping of women
no working
theft
vagrancy(homeless)
cheating on someone
being drunk
murder
witchcraft
if someone stole in medieval times what would happen to them
your hand will be cut off
strangulation is a result from
doing witchcraft in the medieval times
what is the ordeal by COLD water
hands and feet were tied and thrown into water
if they drown. they were guilty and if they were innocent they would float
what is the ordeal with HOT water
people had to dip their hands in the kettle and pick stones in burning water.
if there were healing signs then they would be considered innocent
why would people do a battle as an ordeal
if a crime involved two people but with no witnesses, that would dispute the innocence and guilty
the relationship between crime and punishment should be balanced and fair. what is this definition
utilitaranism
why did such an idea from philosophy of the idea “utilitarianism became a thing
because in the 18th to 19th centuries people wanted to focus on how punishment could be more purposeful and motivational into enlightenment
who is beccraia
his work concerning the principles governing criminal punishment, advancement in criminological thought
