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Psychology > Mod 13-15 > Flashcards

Mod 13-15 Flashcards

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1
Q

corpus callosum

A

the large band of neural fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them.

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2
Q

split brain

A

a condition resulting from surgery that isolates the brain’s two hemispheres by cutting the fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) connecting them

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3
Q

consciousness

A

our subjective awareness of ourselves and our environment.

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4
Q

cognitive neuroscience

A

the interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language).

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5
Q

dual processing

A

the principle that information is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks.

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6
Q

blindsight

A

a condition in which a person can respond to a visual stimulus without consciously experiencing it.

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7
Q

parallel processing

A

processing many aspects of a problem simultaneously; the brain’s natural mode of information processing for many functions.

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8
Q

sequential processing

A

processing one aspect of a problem at a time; generally used to process new information or to solve difficult problems.

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9
Q

behavior genetics

A

the study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior.

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10
Q

heredity

A

the genetic transfer of characteristics from parents to offspring.

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11
Q

environment

A

every nongenetic influence, from prenatal nutrition to the people and things around us.

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12
Q

chromosomes

A

threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes

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13
Q

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

A

a complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes.

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14
Q

genes

A

the biochemical units of heredity that make up the chromosomes; segments of DNA capable of synthesizing proteins

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15
Q

genome

A

the complete instructions for making an organism, consisting of all the genetic material in that organism’s chromosomes.

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16
Q

identical (monozygotic) twins

A

develop from a single fertilized egg that splits in two, creating two genetically identical organisms.

17
Q

fraternal (dizygotic) twins

A

develop from separate fertilized eggs. They are genetically no closer than ordinary brothers and sisters, but they share a prenatal environment

18
Q

heritability

A

the proportion of variation among individuals in a group that we can attribute to genes. The heritability of a trait may vary, depending on the range of populations and environments studied.

19
Q

interaction

A

the interplay that occurs when the effect of one factor (such as environment) depends on another factor (such as heredity).

20
Q

molecular genetics

A

the subfield of biology that studies the molecular structure and function of genes.

21
Q

molecular behavior genetics

A

the study of how the structure and function of genes interact with our environment to influence behavior.

22
Q

epigenetics

A

“above” or “in addition to” (epi) genetics; the study of environmental influences on gene expression that occurs without a DNA change

23
Q

evolutionary psychology

A

the study of the evolution of behavior and the mind, using principles of natural selection.

24
Q

natural selection

A

the principle that inherited traits that better enable an organism to survive and reproduce in a particular environment will (in competition with other trait variations) most likely be passed on to succeeding generations.

25
Q

mutation

A

a random error in gene replication that leads to a change.

26
Q

social script

A

a culturally modeled guide for how to act in various situations.

27
Q

Paul Broca

A

French physician who led to the discovery of specialized language brain areas

28
Q

Carl Wernicke

A

german investigator,

29
Q

Roger Sperry

A

human beings are two minds

30
Q

Michael Gazzaniga

A

studied the neural basis of the mind with primary responsibility for initiating human split-brain research

31
Q

Charles Darwin

A

english natural scientist who formulated a theory of evolution by natural selection.

Psychology (4 decks)

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