Mod 10/11 Flashcards
How do large DNA testing companies actually work?
Single-nucleotide Polymorphism: most have no known effect at all, .1% in our DNA
Pattern of SNPS is compared to majority populations: 23andme tests
Reference populations: no real sample size for companies; don’t actually dictate where ancestors lived
Creates stark and biological “racial categories” as how people identify; some extremist groups even resort to them as an example of showing their purity of race
Define the difference between race and ethnicity.
Race: socially constructed category of people who share biological traits
Ethnicity: shared cultural heritage, common ancestry, language, religion, distinctive social identity, can be changed and fluctuate
Define the Jane Elliot experiment.
eye color categorizing students experiments: shows the impact this division has on school performance and relations: grades of the children in inferior positions went down, vs. the grades of those in the superior groups went up (engrains power relations into children at the youngest level and how drastically this impacts performance)
Define The Thomas Theorem and its relationship to the Jane Elliot experiment.
The Thomas Theorem: if men define situations as real they are real in their consequences***
Define the social identity.
Social Identity: part of identity shaped by attributes/characteristics of those around us and social groups we belong to
Define Radicalization.
Racialization: process in which people are viewed and judges as essentially different in terms of their intellect, morality, values, worth because of differences of physical type or cultural heritage (how the meaning of race is therefore constructed)
Define the three different groups of Indigenous peoples.
Metis: first Nations and European settlers lineage
Inuit: circumpolar groups, 4 inuit homelands
First Nations: largest and most varied groups
Define the Indian Act and its impacts.
The Indian Act, 1876: portrayed Indigenous as infants needing caring: government must govern registered Indians, established the reserve system
Defines who is “Indian”; created the band systems, suppressed and banned cultural practices
Indigenous could not vote in Canadian elections until 1960, not allowed to vote until 1969 in provincial elections
Denied citizenship rights: could not hire lawyers, gather in large groups
Define the First Nations Pass System.
Pass System: First Nations were not allowed to leave and re-enter their reserves
Define the Indigenous fosterage practice.
Fosterage practice: grandchildren live with grandparents as an act of reciprocity: strength and skills from young benefit grandparents, while young benefit from wisdom of the old
Define the Davin Report and its implications for residential schools.
Davin Report: changed the pace of assimilation: now included segregation and isolation from others (Nicholas Flood Davin)
John A. Macdonald: sped up the process of assimilation, boarding schools were set up far from Indigenous communities to avoid any parental interference
Parents which refused: prosecuted under Indian Act/imprisonment and fines conducted
Define Intergenerational Trauma and its relationship to current reserve conditions.
survivors of residential schools passed these practices down onto their own children: issues of abuse, domestic violence, and other conflicts are rooted directly in these experiences
Coping with this emotional/traumatic experiences led to alcoholism and other destructive behaviors which are higher today in Indigenous communities: and in Canadian prisons
Indigenous individuals are overrepresented in prisons, overrepresented in poverty statistics
Define the Sixty Scoop.
The Sixty Scoop: 1980s on where large number of Indigenous children were removed from their parents; parents were blamed for effects of residential schools, social workers unfamiliar with Indigenous parenting, underfunding for medical care: removed Indigenous children from their parents as a result
Define the Millennium Scoop.
children from racialized minorities are overrepresented in child welfare system
Define the Hegemonic curriculum.
hegemony describes where dominant class rules by cultural authority more than naked force (hegemony is defined here by Antonio Gramsci)
Hegemonic curriculum: legitimates current social conditions
Define the Underground Railroad.
The Underground Railroad: 30,000 American slaves came to Canada for freedom
Define Africvill.
1840s-1960s, outside of Halifax, undesirable location with infectious disease hospitals, slaughterhouses, and prisons: where slaves were housed once they got to Canada
Define the Yellow Peril.
Yellow Peril: Chinese racism, fear-mongering, and stereotyping of Chinese individuals/East Asians
Chinese laborers were used to build the CPR, then restricted their immigration
Define the Chinease Head Tax.
Chinese Head Tax: $50 imposed on every Chinese individual entering the country; increased to $500 in 1903
Define the Chinese Exclusion Act.
everyone of Chinese descent must be “registered
Define the Continuous Journey Regulation, 1908
come to Canada directly from the country immigrants left (restricted people from India and Japan as there was not a direct route then)
Define the Komagatu Muru
refused Punjabi immigrants, confined them aboard their ship and sent them back, British either murdered or imprisoned them
Define credentialism.
bias in favor of job candidates with academic degrees over those without, regardless of their demonstrated knowledge, ability, and experience
Define the United Farm Workers’ Party.
actively campaigned for sterilization based on eugenics principles in farming or “breeding”
People with low IQ tests, poverty, class, race, criminals, homosexual, disabled, immigrants were subject to these experiments of racism
Define the Exception Fallacy.
once we are made aware of the stereotype, we are more likely to notice examples that corroborate that stereotype
Define Othering.
classifying someone as not one of us and results in people outside our social group being associated with the stereotypes we put to them
Define functionalism and racism.
Expects that ethnic differences will eventually disappear from society
The ethnic differences that remain are largely symbolic; they are a part of a person’s identity but have few practical consequences for everyday life
Discrimination results in society’s not maximizing its resources, social problems, society spends too much time and money putting barriers to full inclusion in place, and prejudice and discrimination have the tendency to impact relationships between nations
Symbolic interactionism, racism.
Focuses on personal experience of minority status
Effects of negative stereotypes have on a person’s sense of self
Define the contact hypothesis.
Contact Hypothesis: contends that interracial contact between people of equal class status will result in their abandoning stereotypes and becoming less prejudiced and racist
Define the Apartheid.
Apartheid: restricted the movement of black people by means of segregation in South Africa
Conflict theory, race.
Exploitation theory: contends that racism keeps minority group members in low paying jobs, supplying capitalists with a cheap reserved army of labour
Reduces racism to a class dynamic
Define the social determinants of health.
Social Determinants of Health: conditions under which people are born, grow, live and work
Functionalism, healthcare.
Sickness must be controlled for the stability and success of the society
Talcott Parsons theorized the “sick role”: sick people are not held responsible for being sick, sick people are exempt from regular responsibilities, sick person must dislike their conditions, sick person must seek medical attention to safely return to normal duties
Conflict theory, healthcare.
Medicine is a major institution of social control: “medicalization of society”
Symbolic interactionism, healthcare.
How “healthy” and “ill is defined; either of these can become an individual’s master status
Interactions between patients and doctors
