MOD 1 PPTX

Question 1

is the study and diagnosis of disease through examination of organs, tissues, bodily fluids, and whole bodies (autopsies).

Answer 1

Pathology

Question 2

is a broad seeks to understand the mechanisms of injury to cells and tissues, and the mechanism of the body inresponding to the injury or the alterations.

Answer 2

General pathology

Question 3

The term “” is also used to describe the practice of both
anatomical and clinical pathology.

Answer 3

general pathology

Question 4

is concerned with the diagnosis of disease based on the gross, microscopic, chemical, immunologic and molecular examination of organs, tissues, and whole bodies (autopsy).

Answer 4

Anatomic pathology

Question 5

Anatomic pathology subspecialties:

Answer 5

a. surgical pathology
b. cytopathology
c. forensic pathology

Question 6

is concerned with the diagnosis of disease based on the laboratory analysis of bodily fluids such as blood and urine, and tissues using the tools of chemistry, microbiology, hematology and molecular pathology.

Answer 6

Clinical pathology

Question 7

Pathology the word “path”/ “pathos” means ??? “logos” which means to ???.

Answer 7

suffering, study

Question 8

deals with diseases at cellular and tissue levels (e.g. degeneration , cell swelling, and is reversible; necrosis – death of cell).

Answer 8

general pathology

Question 9

deals with diseases at organ and organ system levels (e.g. intussusception – telescoping of a segment of intestine into another; torsion – twisting of intestine along longitudinal axis; volvulus – twisting of intestine on its mesenteric axis.

Answer 9

systemic pathology

Question 10

deals with diseasesassociated with nutrient deficiencies or excesses (e.g.nyctalopia/ night blindness vit A def; anemia: microcytic, hypochromic – iron def; megaloblastic anemia – vit B9/ folic acid; pernicious

Answer 10

nutritional pathology

Question 11

deals with disease evaluation through diagnostic and laboratory tests (e.g. test kits for parvoviral infection, distemper, leptospirosis, heartworm infec

Answer 11

clinical and diagnostic pathology

Question 12

this theory states that diseases are due to evil spirits

Answer 12

Demons

Question 13

diseases are punishment of God (e.g. plague in Egypt)

Answer 13

Divine wrath

Question 14

the position of stars, moon earth and sun inthe universe affect animal health.

Answer 14

Metaphysical medicine/miasmatic theory

Question 15

states that the 4 elements of life and 4 humors of the bodyaffects animal health.
4 humors of the body
4 elements of life a.heat a.water b.cold b.air c.moisture c. fire d.dryness e.earth

Answer 15

Universe of natural law

Question 16

describes contagiousness ofdisease; states that infectious diseases are caused by infectious agents (note: contagious diseases – direct contact involved; infectious diseases – no direct contact is necessary/ through inhalation of droplets upon sneezing).

Answer 16

Contagion

Question 17

the state of ill health/ opposite of health, caused by morphological, functional and biochemical alterations in cells, tissues and organs that underlie the disease.

Answer 17

Disease

Question 18

the state of normal functioning of all body structures – there is homeostasis: maintenance of normal state/ equilibrium in the body (e.g. decreased blood)

Answer 18

Health

Question 19

examination of tissue section from livingdiseased animal.

Answer 19

Biopsy

Question 20

post mortem examination of human body.

Answer 20

Autopsy

Question 21

post mortem examination of animal body.

Answer 21

Necropsy

Question 22

have provided biochemical means for demonstrating disturbances in cell and tissues.

Answer 22

Chemistry & Biochemistry

Question 23

bacteriology (bacteria)
virology (viruses)
mycology (fungi)
phycology (algae)
helminthology (worms)
entomology (insects and arachnids)
protozoology (protozoans/ single-celled eukaryotes)
immunology (body responses to infection)

Answer 23

Subjects/ Disciplines Associated with the study of Pathology

Question 24

is a region in an organ or tissue which has suffered damage through the injury or disease, such as wound, ulcer, abscess or tumors. -morphological abnormalities in tissues which may or may not lead to functional abnormalities of the skin

Answer 24

Lesion

Question 25

are the discomfort that can be described by human but not by animals.Functional abnormalities felt by the patients themselves.

Answer 25

Clinical Symptoms

Question 26

are signs observed in an affected individual.Functional abnormalities observed in patients

Answer 26

Clinical signs

Question 27

the cells and tissue fluids:  tissue cells – scope of cellular pathology (R.Virchow)  tissue fluids – scope of humoral pathology (Hippocrates)  

Answer 27

Scope of Histopathology

Question 28

lesion, sign or symptom distinctive or characteristic of a particular disease( “turkey egg appearance of kidney in hog cholera, involuntary twitching of muscle in distemper.

Answer 28

Pathognomonic

Question 29

pertains to any cause of disease (trauma, chemical poisoning, bacteria, viruses, parasites, etc.); the study of theory of causation of disease 

Answer 29

Etiology

Question 30

disease of unknown causation (dextrocardia etc.) 

Answer 30

Idiopathic

Question 31

the process of disease development; include the complete series of pathological changes from the time of entry of the etiologic agent into host, up to clinical manifestation of disease   (may include recovery or death) 

Answer 31

Pathogenesis

Question 32

possible outcome of disease (good or bad ???)

Answer 32

Prognosis

Question 33

recovery (common colds – good prognosis)  partial recovery/ invalidism (partial paralysis in stroke patients)  Death (100% cases lead to death in rabies- bad prognosis.

Answer 33

Possible Result/ Termination of Disease 

Question 34

– name given to a disease after set of procedures performed to determine its occurrence  

Answer 34

Diagnosis

Question 35

Types of Diagnoses  ???– based on lesions (e.g. vesicular formation & eruption of skin in smallpox) 

Answer 35

morphologic

Question 36

Types of Diagnoses  ???– based on causal agent (e.g. poxvirus in smallpox) 

Answer 36

etiologic

Question 37

Types of Diagnoses  ???– based on apparent signs & result of laboratory tests (e.g. fever, generalized itching & viremia in smallpox)

Answer 37

clinical

Question 38

Types of Diagnoses  ???– the naming of disease, based on morphologic, etiologic, and clinical diagnoses 

Answer 38

definitive

Question 39

Types of Diagnoses  ???– patient care and management to combat the disease or disorder; either medically (administration of chemotherapeutic agents/ drugs) or surgically (surgical interventions)

Answer 39

Treatment

Question 40

Types of Diagnoses  ???– disease prevention 

Answer 40

Prophylaxis

Question 41

Predisposing Factors of Disease  ???(exogenous/ environmental factors) – soil, air, sunlight, weather, season, climate, method of husbandry 

Answer 41

extrinsic

Question 42

Predisposing Factors of Disease  ???(endogenous/ internal/ host factors) – species, age sex, color, heredity, breed & conformation 

Answer 42

intrinsic

Question 43

Types of Disease Manifestation  ???– diseases with apparent signs and symptoms (e.g. nervousness and anxiety in rabid dogs) 

Answer 43

clinical

Question 44

Types of Disease Manifestation  ???– diseases without apparent signs & symptoms (e.g. mild intestinal parasitism – no apparent sign) 

Answer 44

subclinical

Question 45

1. proper hygiene & sanitation; proper management in herd or flock  2. immunostimulation (proper diet, exercise, vitamin & mineral supplementation), immunization/ vaccination  3. avoidance of stress (physical, emotional, environmental)  4. avoidance of contact or exposure with agents of diseases  5.control of vectors (flies, mosquitoes) and destruction of their breeding places 

Answer 45

Maintenance of Health and Disease Prevention