Mod:1 Lesson 2: What is the genetic makeup of normal cells?

Question 1

The smaller molecules that form the protein molecule and give it shape and structure are called:

Answer 1

AMINO ACIDS

Question 2

Match the following functions with the corresponding type of protein.
____ control the speed of chemical reactions
____ regulate biochemical processes
____ responsible for blood clotting
____ make up the framework of cells and tissues
____ protect the body against foreign substances

A. structural proteins
B. enzymes
C. antibodies
D. hormones
E. coagulation proteins

Answer 2

Match the following functions with the corresponding type of protein:

B. enzymes____ control the speed of chemical reactions

D. hormones____ regulate biochemical processes

E. coagulation proteins____ responsible for blood clotting

A. structural proteins____ make up the framework of cells and tissues

C. antibodies____ protect the body against foreign substances

Question 3

What is a gene?

Answer 3

the section of DNA that encodes a single protein

Question 4

List the four types of nucleotides in DNA:

Answer 4

cytosine (C);
thymine (T);
adenine (A)
guanine (G)

Question 5

Nitrogenous bases having a single-ring structure, such as thymine and cytosine, are called:

Answer 5

pyrimidines

Question 6

Match the following:
\_\_\_\_ contains uracil
\_\_\_\_ contains thymine
\_\_\_\_ contains guanine
\_\_\_\_ contains cytosine

A. DNA
B. RNA
C. both DNA and RNA

Answer 6

Match the following:
B. RNA\_\_\_\_ contains uracil
A. DNA\_\_\_\_ contains thymine
C. both DNA and RNA\_\_\_\_ contains guanine
C. both DNA and RNA\_\_\_\_ contains cytosine

Question 7

What are the two functions of DNA?

Answer 7

replicate and transcription

Question 8

Order the following steps in the process of DNA replication.
____ Two DNA molecules are produced, each with one old strand and one new one.
____ The DNA molecule splits into two separate strands.
____ Complementary strands are synthesized on the surface of the old strands.

Answer 8

Order the following steps in the process of DNA replication.
3 Two DNA molecules are produced, each with one old strand and one new one.
1 The DNA molecule splits into two separate strands.
2 Complementary strands are synthesized on the surface of the old strands.

Question 9

List and briefly define the two steps in creating a protein from a DNA template.

Answer 9

transcription — production of RNA using DNA as a template;

translation — use of RNA to manufacture proteins

Question 10

Name three types of RNA involved in protein synthesis.

Answer 10

mRNA -messenger RNA
tRNA - transfer RNA
rRNA - ribosomal RNA