Mod:1 Lesson 1: Anatomy of Cells

Question 1

The basic structural and functional building block of life is the:

Answer 1

CELL

Question 2

Organs are aggregations of ___________, whereas tissues are aggregations of specialized ________.

Answer 2

Organs are aggregations of __tissues__, whereas tissues are aggregations of specialized __cells__.

Question 3

What are the functions of the cell membrane?

Answer 3

to provide a selective barrier between the inside and out of the cell and allow transfer of nutrients and wastes between the cell and its external environment.

Question 4

Match the following:
\_\_\_ outer boundary of a cell
\_\_\_ control center of the cell
\_\_\_ site of energy production
\_\_\_ site of protein synthesis
\_\_\_ contains digestive enzymes

A. nucleus
B. mitochondria
C. cell membrane
D. ribosomes
E. lysosomes

Answer 4

Match the following:
C. cell membrane___ outer boundary of a cell
A. nucleus___ control center of the cell
B. mitochondria___ site of energy production
D. ribosomes___ site of protein synthesis
E. lysosomes___ contains digestive enzymes

Question 5

List the four main types of tissue.

Answer 5

epithelial tissue
connective tissue
muscle tissue
nerve tissue

Question 6

Name two reasons why cells proliferate.

Answer 6

to grow the tissue

to replace worn out or injured cells

Question 7

Match each of the following tissues with its degree of proliferation.

\_\_\_ nerve tissue
\_\_\_ bone marrow
\_\_\_ epidermis
\_\_\_ endometrium of the uterus
\_\_\_ parenchyma of the liver
\_\_\_ voluntary muscle tissue
\_\_\_ lining of the mouth
\_\_\_ connective tissues involved in wound healing

A. tissues that show little proliferation
B. cell-renewal tissues
C. non-proliferative tissue
D. tissues that proliferate in response to physiologic needs

Answer 7

Match each of the following tissues with its degree of proliferation.

C. non-proliferative tissue ___ nerve tissue
B. cell-renewal tissues___ bone marrow
B. cell-renewal tissues___ epidermis
D. tissues that proliferate in response to physiologic needs___ endometrium of the uterus
A. tissues that show little proliferation___ parenchyma of the liver
C. non-proliferative tissue___ voluntary muscle tissue
B. cell-renewal tissues___ lining of the mouth
D. tissues that proliferate in response to physiologic needs___ connective tissues involved in wound healing

Question 8

Why is rapidly proliferating tissue more sensitive than non-proliferating tissue to chemotherapeutic agents?

Answer 8

Chemotherapeutic agents are more lethal to rapidly dividing cells; they therefore have a greater impact on proliferating tissue than on non proliferating tissue.

Question 9

What are the three classifications of tissue by embryonic origin?

Answer 9

ectoderm
mesoderm
endoderm