mod 1 Flashcards
p wave
atrial depolarization
conduction of electrical impulses through the atrium
P-R interval
electrical impulse from the SA node to the AV node
QRS
ventricle depolarization
electrical impulse through the ventricle
Q-T interval
Ventricle depolarization to repolarization
S-T seg
end of the QRS and beginning of T wave
T wave
repolarization of the ventricles
U wave
purkinje fibers repolarization
not seen unless K is low
depolarization
is the electrical action of a cell caused by influx of sodium into the cell while potassium exits the cells
repolarization
is the return of the cell to a resting state caused by reentry of potassium into the cell while sodium exits
what rate does the SA node fire at?
60- 100 bpm
what rate does the AV node fire at?
40- 60 bpm
what is the s4 called and what is it associated with?
the s4 is heard before the s1 (lub lub dub) and is call an arterial gallop, it is associated with hypertensive heart disease
what sound could you here after the s1 and s2?
the s3 a ventricle gallop ( lub dub dub) it is associated with heart failure
when would you hear a harsh grating sound when auscultating the heart?
the harsh grating sound is called a friction rub and can be heard when the patient has pericarditis
what is normal central venous pressure?
2-6 mm hg
A central venous pressure grater then 6 would indicate what?
hypervolemia
what should the nurse ask the patient prior to a cardiac catheterization?
do you have an allergy to shell fish?
How do you test for orthostatic hypotension?
- position the pt in the supine position for 10 min take HR and BP
- reposition the pt in the sitting position wait 2 min and take HR and BP
- if the pt ia symptom free reposition into the standing position take HR and BP recheck every 2 min for mins.
how do you know if the pt has orthostatic hypotension?
they will have a decrease in b at least 20mm hg in systolic and 10mm hg in diastolic
do Transdermal nitro patch need to be removed be for a MRA?
yes, they contain a heat conducting aluminizer that will burn the skin
a BNP greater then 100 is suggestive of what?
heart failure
what two thing should be evaluated for effectiveness of this of warfarin?
PT and INR
What should you teach a patient with a new pacemaker?
to check pulse daily and report increases or decrease
to avoid hand held medal detectors
wear a medical bracelet
no MRIs
How long does it take CPK- MB to elevate?
12- 24 hours
How long dose it take troop in to elevate?
1-2 hours
what will you see on a ECG if the patient has to much K?
peaked T waves
What is given to treat bradycardia?
atropine
if the nurse sees a ventricle rate between 250 and 400 with a saw tooth pattern on the ECG what could this mean?
atrial flutter
How long is a normal QT interval?
0.34 to 0.40
if a QT interval becomes to long what is the PT at risk for developing?
torsades de points
