MOD 1 Flashcards
refers to the science dealing w/ the collection, organization, analysis and interpretation of numerical data.
statistics
refers to the application of statistical methods to the life sciences like biology, medicine and public health.
biostatistics
set of data or a mass of observations, like public health.
Statistics in plural
the body of methods or techniques for the organization & analysis of collected information.
Statistics in singular
data on vital events as to the number of birth, death & marriages.
vital statistics
3 Important Uses of Vital Statistics:
-Legal use
-Source Material
-Health units
- school entrance
- employment
- securing driver’s license
- marriage license
- to enter military service
birth registration
in claiming life insurance upon the death of the benefactor
death registration
- accidents
- suicides
- communicable disease control
- maternal and infant mortality
- occupational statistics
- value of periodic medical exam
6 special uses of vital statistics
– logbook where data are written.
- it contains data of birth & death registration for mortality & natality statistics.
source material
– refer to the health workers who take part in the administration of gov’t health programs.
Health units
- it guides the epidemiologists in the combat of diseases.
- sanitarians see to it that potable H2O supply is given to the public to minimize typhoid fever.
- health workers attain to the needs of the people by giving proper care & treatment.
things that health units do
-it keeps information pertains to health.
- covers a wide variety of numeric information including data on morbidity, hospitality and clinic statistics, as well as service statistics.
- the bookkeeping of public health bec. it keeps records on data of clinic, hospital & service facilities.
Health statistics
application of health statistics to piblic health data are:
- nutrition
- sanitation
- industrial hygiene
- dentistry
- laboratory
- epidemiology
- maternal child hygiene
what are the 2 branches of statistics?
descriptive and inferential
uses different methods of statistics to summarize and present data in narrative form.
descriptive statistics
what are the forms of descriptive statistics?
-methods of tabulation
- graphical presentation
- computation of averages
- measures of variability
uses generalizations & conclusions about a target population w/c is based on results from a sample.
inferential statistics
what is the form of inferential statistics?
experimental method
tendency of measurable characteristics to change from one individual or setting w/in the same individual or setting. i.e. person’s blood pressure
phenomena of variation
what are the 2 types of variable
constatant and independent/independent variables
– values remain the same from time to time.
i.e. – minutes in an hour
- number of days a week
constant
measured according to quantity or values and are expressed numerically.
i.e. – birthweight
- hospital bed capacity
- arm circumference
- population size
continuous
2 types of dependent/independent variable
discerete and continuous
variables w/c can assume only integral values or whole number.
i.e. - books
discrete
variables w/c can attain values in terms of fraction or decimals.
i.e. – birthweight
- arm circumference
continuous
numbers or symbols used to classify an object, person or characteristics into categories.
i.e. – collection of yes, no, undecided responses to a medical survey question
nominal
data are arranged in some order but differences between data values cannot be determined.
i.e. – size of T-shirt
- socio economic status
- in 10 urine samples 6 were rated normal, 4 pathological
ordinal
characterized by a common and constant unit and measurement.
- the distances between any two numbers on the scale are known sizes.
i.e. - temp. reading of 15ºC and 35ºC
interval
has a true zero point wherein the number zero indicates the absence of the characteristics under considerations.
i.e. – height in meters
- weight in kilograms
ratio
obtained first hand by the investigator from first hand sources.
i.e. – thesis & dissertations
- interview and questionnaire
- letters, diaries and autobiographies
- experimentation
- journals and newspapers
primary data
are finished products taken from raw materials.
- data w/c are already existing.
i.e. – data obtained from registry of cases of hospitals
- documented materials
- book of factual information i.e.
secondary data
underpins the methodologies used in epidemiological investigations and research. It deals with both qualitative and quantitative data.
biostatistics
the study of diseases in population.The study of how disease spreads and can be controlled. Another one is a branch of medical science that deals with the incidence distribution, and control of diseases, the sum of the factors controlling the presence or absence of a disease or pathogen.
epidemiology
