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Paper 1- Psychology > mocks- perception+RM > Flashcards

mocks- perception+RM Flashcards

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1
Q

how do you calculate the median

A

middle number of the data set- must be in order

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2
Q

how do you calculate the range

A

biggest value-smallest value

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3
Q

how do you calculate the mode

A

most common number

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4
Q

how do you calculate the mean

A

add up all the numbers/how many numbers

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5
Q

what does normal distributions show

A
  • contionous data
  • never touches the x axis
  • mean is in the middle
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6
Q

what is the difference between a bar chart and histogram

A
  • both have same width bars
  • histograms bars are touching
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7
Q

how do you find the a) mode
b) median
c) mean
d) range
from a frequency table

A

a) highest freq
b) middle number
c) scorexfreq+ scorexFreq…/people
d) highest score-lowest score(not frequency)
(6-2=4)

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8
Q

what is a strength and weakness of the mean

A

+ includes all scores in the final calculation, represnts whole of data
- can easily be distorted by an anomaily , one score can have a strong affect on the mean and makes it less represntative

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9
Q

what is a strength and weakness of the mode

A

+ very easy to calculate
- can be unrepresntative of the set overall

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10
Q

what is a strength and weakness of the median

A

+ not affected by extreme scores as they would be at the end or beginning
- not all scores are included in calculation, a few low values would affect mean, but not median- but should if it truly average

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11
Q

what is a strength and weakness of the range

A

+ straightforward to calculate
- range can be ditorted by extreme scores, so does not give a clear picture of the overall spread. most pp probably didnt score very badly

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12
Q

what is a null hypothesis

A

predicts there will be no pattern or trend in results, no relationship between variables

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13
Q

what is an alternative hypothesis

A

states a relationship between variables
- called alternative as in alternative to the null hypotheiss

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14
Q

why should we use a null hypothesis

A

its easier to disprove a negative statement, than prove a positive one

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15
Q

what is a non directional hypothesis

A
  • this type does not predict the direction only that one factor affects another
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16
Q

what is a directional hypothesis

A

predicts the direction in which the results are expected to go

17
Q

what is a structured interview

A
  • predetermined questions and they remain the same for all pp
18
Q

what are closed questions

A

a predtermined set of responses eg, yes or no

19
Q

what is an unstructured interview

A
  • do not have predetermined questions and the pp are able to give detailed answers
  • interviewer will expand questions based on what has been said
20
Q

what is a semi structured interview

A
  • combine aspects from unstrucrured and structured
21
Q

what are open questions

A

can give detailed answers

22
Q

how is data in recorded

A

can be recorded or written down but it must be fully transcribed which can be time consuming

23
Q

what happens at the start of the interview

A

interviewer will use standarised instructions so the pp is aware of ethical issues such as confidentiality and right to withdraw.

24
Q

what is a strength of an interview

A

+ unstreuctured interviews are useful for obtaining qualitive data- as pp is able to use their own words. qualititive data offered can give more detail and depth

25
Q

what are the weaknesses of interviews

A
  • data is difficult to interpret-possible researcher may misinterpret pp answers based on their own expectations and biases so might be subjectivity
  • very time consuming to analyse large amounts of qualitative data
26
Q

what is stratified sampling

A

target population is broken down into subcategories that represent the target population, then pp are selected in the proportion they occur in target population
eg, if TP is 75% female and 25% male- a sample of 20 should include 15 female, 5 male

27
Q

what is a strength and weakness of stratified sampling

A

+ this is representative sampling method as everyone in the target population would be represnted in the pp being sampled
- can be time consuming because the subcategories have to be indentified and their proportions calculated

28
Q

what is oppurtunity sampling

A
  • involves selecting pp that are around and available at the time of the study
    eg first 20 students at school
29
Q

what is the strength and weakness of opportunity sampling

A

+quick, convenient and often the most economical method- therefore quite common
- likely to find an unrepresntative sample if onyl sampling at a particular time or place
eg first 20 students not likely to represent students who live far away

30
Q

what is systematic sampling

A

when a consitnet system is in place for who is selected eg every 4th person
- does not give an equal chance of selection

31
Q

what are the strengths and weakness of systematic sampling

A

+ assuming list order has been randomised, this method offers an unbiased chance of gaining a represantative sample
- if list is not randomised or a narrow selection of tartget group then unrepresentative may be present eg evry 4th person was male

32
Q

what is the target population

A

who you want to do the research on

33
Q

what is random sampling

A
  • when every member of the target population has an equal chance of being selected- chosen entirely by chance
    eg putting names into a hat
34
Q

what is a strength and weakness of random sampling

A

+ in large numbers provides the best chance of an unbiased sample of a target population as everyone has equal chance
- the sample may not be representative of target population as p may not be matched for ability, gender,background etc increasing the chance of anomalies

Paper 1- Psychology (5 decks)

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