Mocks Core Flashcards
what is human centred design
an approach that prioritizes the needs and limitations of users
what is the context of a design solution
the situation the product or system will be used in
eg:where the product will be used
what should a design solution do
regard the environmental impacts while making things easire quicker and cheaper for the user
what are the 2 human factors and what are human factors
ergonomics and anthropometrics
-science concerned with interactions between human and elements of a product or system
what are ergonomics and anthropometrics
-ergonomics is the study of how we use and interact with products or systems
-anthropometrics-study of sizes of the human body
what is usability
how easy a product is to use and how clear its functions are
what makes a product have good usability
-if it is easy and efficient to use and if it minimizes errors
what are aesthetics
factors concerned with the appreciation of beauty
-these include senses and visual design elements like form/texture or colour
what effects do existing products and practices have on us
help designers identify features and methods that can be used or improve new designs
what 5 factors do we analyse existing products by
function
materials and components
methods of manufacture
human factors-interaction with users
aesthetics
when considering materials and processes what factors need to be considered
-cost
-physical and chemical properties of materials
-aesthetics
-sustainability-environmental impact of component
what can disassembly help do
helps designers understand how a material was made and what materials and components were used
what historical styles can designers take inspiration from
Victorian
Scandinavian design
Minimalist design
Pop art
Streamlining
what is sustainable economic growth
-development that aims to satisfy economic needs of humans while sustaining natural resources for future generations
what is inclusive design
designing for the widest possible audience
what is globalisation
businesses and organisations operating globally and developing international influence
what is culture
the ideas and activities of groups of people
what approaches and methods can companies do to promote sustainability and reduce environmental impact
ecodesign and ethical approaches
what are trend forecasters
people hired by companies who predict mood behaviour and buying habits all over the world to predict what will be in fashion seasons ahead
what are key considerations in design trends
-sustainablity
-new technology
-globalisation-products than can be used and enjoyed by people of many cultures and backgrounds
what is marketing and branding
tools that influence potential customers to buy the product and allow the company to make money
what is market pull and what does it cause
-where consumers demand a particular type of product
-it leads to new products being developed
what is technology push
-where new materials and technology lead to innovative products that are released onto the market
-just like market pull it is a reason new products are developed
what are key considerations in product developments
-customer requirements
-competitive edge-unique products in the market
-sustainability-environmentally friendly and sustainable
what are key considerations in the usability and ergonomics of a product
-anthropometric data
-ergonomic features-reduce strain and discomfort
-accessibility -accesible to those with disabilty
why is environmental impacts of a product only recently a concern
as in the past focus was more on keeping costs of development and prices low over the impact on the environment the manufacture/use of materials have
what is a circular economy
-an alternative to a linear economy where it was make, use,dispose
-keep resources as long as possible and extract the max value,then recover and regenerate parts at the end of their life
what are key considerations in a circular economy
-sustainable materials
-recycling-designing products or selecting materials than can be recycled or reused
-waste reduction-products that reduce waste and minimize environmental impact
what is emerging technology and examples
ai
-biometrics in security and authentication in phones
-virtual reality
what are key considerations in energy sources
-renewable energy-solar or wind
-non renewable energy-fossil fuels
-energy efficiency-products that minimize energy consumption
what is design thinking
designing products that are user centred and sustainable
what are key considerations in design thinking
-user needs and wants of target market
-sustainability
-communication communicating design ideas to users/stakeholders
what are graphical techniques designers use to communicate their ideas
-constructional and technical considerations
-2d and 3d sketching
-isometric drawing
-oblique drawing
what are key considerations in details and notes of sketches
-user needs
-functional and material choices-comply with user need s and are sustainable
manufacture
what do working drawings contain
-dimensions
-details of components
-materials
-assembly instructions
theyre often 2d orthographic projections
what are sketch models and why are they used
simple physical models made of cardboard,sytyrofoam or cardboard
-to explore/create initial ideas and test with users
what are orthographic projections
2d sketches that show different views(plan,front side/sectional)
what is an iterative design
design process based on prototyping testing,reflecting,analysing,evaluating and refining a product or process
ptraer
how do designers solve design problems
-collecting first hand info-interviews/surveys
-solutions to similar problems-designs with similar features
-biomimicry-nature and its approach to problems
what is ucd
User-centred design is a design strategy, or design approach, with the aim of making products and systems usable. It focuses on the user interface and how the user interacts with and relates to the product.
what is systems thinking
Systems thinking is the understanding of a product or component as part of a larger system of other products and systems. In the iterative design process, consideration of the role of all components and sub-systems of the product or system, including the user experience and the marketing of the object being designed, ensures all aspects of the product are given the required attention to detail.
what is collaboration
Collaboration is working with others for mutual benefit. Effective collaboration between designers, developers, users and other stakeholders can be the difference between success and failure.
what are the main categories of materials
Paper and boards
Card and cardboard
Natural and manufactured timber
Metals
Polymers
Textile fibres and fabrics
what is card
thicker than paper 180-300gsm
what is the thickness of cardboard
300 microns or above
where do softwoods come from
Come from conifers - evergreen trees that keep their needles all year round
where do hardwoods come from
Come from broad-leafed, deciduous trees that lose their leaves over winter
what are manufactured boards
Sheets of timber made by gluing either wood fibres or wood layers together
what are the 2 polymer types
thermopolymers-soften when heated
thermosetting polymers-undergo chemical change when heated to become hard
what are the 3 fibres
natural-from nature(cotton ,wool and silk)
synthetic fibres-man made(polyester,acrylic or nylon)
mixed/blended-improve aesthetic/cost/quality/function of final fibre
what are some modern materials
Teflon-Mainly used as a non-stick coating on cookware
polymorph-comes in form of polymer granules and can be moulded into shape when heated
what are some smart materials
-shape memory alloy-turns back to original shape when heated after being deformed
-shape-memory polymers-can be programmed to remember original shape when heated
thermochromic sheet
what are the characteristic properties of materials
density
strength
hardness
durability
strength to weight ratio
stiffness
elasticity
impact resistance
plasticity
what is the strength of a material
The ability of a material to withstand forces that try to bend or break it
Hardness
The resistance of a material to pressure from cutting, scratching or wear
Durability
The ability of a material to withstand wear, pressure or damage
Strength to weight ratio
A measure of a material’s strength compared to its weight
Stiffness
The rigidity of a material, its ability to resist being deformed when a force is applied to it
Elasticity
The ability of a material to return to its original shape when forces are applied to it that will make it bend or flex out of shape
Impact resistance
The ability of a material to withstand a force or shock applied to it over a short period of time
Plasticity
The ability of a material to permanently change in shape when force is applied to it
what are technical textiles
textiles engineered solely for their performance properties and not their aesthetic value
what is nomex
a technical textile which is heat and flame resistant and used in protective clothing for firefighters and astronauts and race-car drivers
what is Kevlar
damage and abrasion resistant to sharp objects used in stab or bullet resistant vests for police or armed forces
what is coolmax
wicks water away from the body improving breathability-used in sportswear, underwear, bedding and uniform
what is malleability
a materials ability to be moulded into a different shape
what is ductility
A material’s ductility is its ability to be deformed without breaking
what are some materials with high ductility and malleability
lead and polypropelene
what is a material with low ductility and malleability
glass
what are mechanical systems used for and what is a mechanism
to control and change motion
-mechanism is a series of parts that work and control forces and motion in a desired way
what are the 4 basic types of motion
rotary-circular path
linear-straight line
oscillating-back and forth in circles
reciprocating-back and forth in straight line
what are mechanical devices used for and what is an example of one
devices used to change the magnitude and direction of force
-eg a lever which is a rigid bar that pivots on a fulcrum
-gears-speed and direction
what are the types of levers
-First-class lever -The fulcrum is between the effort and the load
-Second-class lever-The load is between the effort and the fulcrum
-Third-class lever-The effort is between the load and the fulcrum
what is the function of an electronic system and what is an example
providing control functions in products
-eg a microcontroller
what are some basic components of electronic systems
-inputs-sensors and switches that give system info
-process-microcontroller processes info and makes decisions
-outputs-device that produces physical output to systems decision
what is additive manufacturing a part of and what does it do
a new and emerging technology that creates products by adding layers of material together
examples of new and emerging technology
-3d printing-layers of materials together
-assembly robotics-precision manufacturing and assembly
-Internet of things-network of devices connected to the internet that can communicate
what are the benefits of new and emerging technology
-Additive manufacturing-Increased flexibility, reduced production time, improved product quality
-Advanced robotics-Improved precision, increased efficiency, reduced labor costs
-Internet of Things (IoT)-Improved communication, increased efficiency, reduced downtime
what is planned obsolescence
