Mock Test MCQs Flashcards
Which of the following is true:
a) IP Optometrists are able to prescribe controlled drugs
b) MHRA are responsible for the Yellow Card Scheme that collates information on suspected problems and incidents involving side effects to medicines
c) Orthoptists can currently train to become Independent Prescribers
d) Patient Group Directives are available to Orthoptists only
b) MHRA are responsible for the Yellow Card Scheme that collates information on suspected problems and incidents involving side effects to medicines
Which of the following IS NOT a pharmacological action of cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors?
a) prevents rise in body temperature caused by prostaglandins
b) prevents hyperalgesia caused by prostaglandins
c) prevents inflammation caused by prostaglandins
d) prevents transmission of impulses in sensory nerves caused by prostaglandins
d) prevents transmission of impulses in sensory nerves caused by prostaglandins
Which of the following is TRUE regarding chloramphenicol?
a) it is an immunomodulator
b) It is a narrow spectrum antibiotic
c) stops bacterial growth by binding to the bacterial ribosome and inhibiting protein synthesis
d) It can be used to treat herpes zoster infections
c) stops bacterial growth by binding to the bacterial ribosome and inhibiting protein synthesis
Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding Beta-adrenoceptors?
a) are linked to inhibition of adenylate cyclase
b) are coupled via a G-protein to potassium ion channels
c) are blocked by atenolol
d) promote vasoconstriction
c) are blocked by atenolol
Absorption of drugs from the gastrointestinal tract is usually unaffected by:
a) Rate of dissolution of the tablet form of drug
b) Blood flow to the tract
c) Renal excretion rate
d) Motility of the tract
c) Renal excretion rate
The actions of paracetamol and ibuprofen differ in that…
a) ibuprofen acts in peripheral tissues and paracetamol does not.
b) ibuprofen blocks prostaglandin production and paracetamol does not
c) paracetamol has analgesic properties and ibuprofen does not
d) paracetamol blocks cyclo-oxygenase and ibuprofen does not
a) ibuprofen acts in peripheral tissues and paracetamol does not.
Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the neurotransmitter noradrenaline (norepinephrine)?
a) is released from parasympathetic nerve terminals
b) is removed from the neuroeffector cleft by phagocytosis
c) can modify its own release by activation of pre-synaptic alpha-2-adrenoceptors
d) is broken down by acetylcholinesterase
c) can modify its own release by activation of pre-synaptic alpha-2-adrenoceptors
Which of the following is FALSE regarding antimicrobial stewardship guidelines?
a) As a clinician you should be aware of local NHS guidelines when offering antibiotic therapy
b) The guidance only relates to treatment of bacterial infections
c) If a condition is self limiting they should be monitored and given appropriate advice initially before offering antibiotic treatment
d)As a clinician you should only prescribe antibiotics when it is clinically appropriate and consider alternative options
b) The guidance only relates to treatment of bacterial infections
Who monitors safety of medicines in the UK?
a) NHS
b) NICE
c) MHRA
d) BNF
c) MHRA
Pilocarpine is a drug which can be classified as one of the following:
a) An antimuscarinic
b) A direct acting parasympathomimetic
c) An anticholinesterase
d) A sympathomimetic
b) A direct acting parasympathomimetic
Which one of the following statements are CORRECT in relation to these eyedrops (Chloramphenicol eye drops 0.5%)?
a) They are available to Optometrists and Orthoptists as a PoM only, with a written order to a pharmacist
b) They are available to Optometrists and Orthoptists to supply only via a Patient Group Direction (PGD)
c) They are available to Optometrists and Orthoptists as a PoM only
d) They are available to Optometrists and Orthoptists as a PoM and P med
d) They are available to Optometrists and Orthoptists as a PoM and P med
Most drugs act by combining with receptor proteins associated with which cellular feature?
a) mitochondria
b) lysosome
c)Ribosome
d) Cell (plasma) membrane
d) Cell (plasma) membrane
Concerning atropine, which of the following statements is FALSE?
a) It is the most potent drug available for cycloplegia
b) The legal category of Atropine is P
c) Orthoptists are able to use and supply Atropine
d) Entry level Optometrists do not have access to Atropine for use or supply
b) The legal category of Atropine is P
Which of the following statements is correct in relation to binding of drugs to plasma proteins:
a) Increases the volume of distribution of a drug
b) Increases free drug concentration
c) Increases the excretion of drug into urine
d) Mainly involves binding to albumin
d) Mainly involves binding to albumin
First-pass elimination occurs after which route of administration?
a) topical
b) intravenous
c) oral
d) rectal
c) oral
Drugs acting upon the CNS for the treatment of insomnia may cause which of the following?
a) diplopia
b) corneal opacities
c) evaporative dry eye
d) widening of the palpebral aperture
a) diplopia
Which one of the following is NOT likely to be treated with glucocorticoids?
a) Crohn’s Disease
b) Asthma
c) Addison’s Disease
d) Gonorrhoea
d) Gonorrhoea
A 25 year old male presents complaining of a 1month history of gritty, dry eye eyes and struggling reading small print on his mobile phone.
He advises you that he has schizophrenia and and has been taking prescription medication for 4-5 weeks. He can’t remember the name of the medication.
What is your working diagnosis, based on this history?
a) Phenelzine prescribed for schizophrenia has caused reduced tear production and reduced accommodative amplitude
b) He has uncorrected hypermetropia causing all his presenting symptoms
c) Chlorpromazine prescribed for schizophrenia has caused reduced lacrimal gland secretion and reduced accommodative amplitude
d) Atenolol prescribed for schizophrenia has caused increased palpebral aperture, evaporative dry eye and subsequent blurred vision
c) Chlorpromazine prescribed for schizophrenia has caused reduced lacrimal gland secretion and reduced accommodative amplitude
Steroid therapy can cause Cushing’s syndrome. Which of the following is associated with Cushing’s syndrome?
a) osteoporosis and increased risk of bone fracture
b) hypotension, including episodes of postural hypotension
c) hypoglycaemia, particularly at night
d) reduced intraocular pressure and increased risk of retinal detachment
a) osteoporosis and increased risk of bone fracture
Which of the following is FALSE regarding Aciclovir?
a) inhibits DNA polymerase activity
b) is a type of antibiotic
c) can be used in the treatment of herpes simplex infections
d)can be used to treat herpes zoster ophthalmicus
b) is a type of antibiotic
Fluoxetine can be described as a:
a) selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
b) H+/K+ ATPase inhibitor
c) beta-adrenoceptor agonist
d)histamine H1 receptor antagonist
a) selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
Which of the following statements is TRUE about topiramate?
a) It causes cycloplegia and raised IOP due to indirect anticholinergic effects
b) It can cause raised IOP due to increased production by the ciliary epithelium
c) It can cause acute onset myopia normally due to an accumulation of the drug on the ciliary body after years of treatment
d) It can cause ciliochoroidal effusion and anterior displacement of the crystalline lens
d) It can cause ciliochoroidal effusion and anterior displacement of the crystalline lens
Which of the following is NOT a legal drug category in the UK?
a) Pharmacy Medicines
b) Over the counter medicines
c) General sales list medicines
d) Prescription only medicines
b) Over the counter medicines
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding hydroxychloroquine therapy?
a) The risk of toxic maculopathy increases for patients who are taking concurrent medication of oral prednisolone
b) There is no proven medical therapy for hydroxychloroquine toxicity other than stopping the drug
c) The risk of toxic maculopathy increases for patients with reduced kidney function
d) The risk of toxic maculopathy increases for patients taking more than 5mg/kg/day
a) The risk of toxic maculopathy increases for patients who are taking concurrent medication of oral prednisolone
The parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system controls the pupil by which one of the following pathways?
a) The neurotransmitter noradrenaline binds with alpha adrenoreceptors on the dilator pupillae muscle, causing mydriasis
b) The neurotransmitter acetylcholine binds with alpha adrenoreceptors on the dilator pupillae muscle, causing miosis
c) The neurotransmitter acetylcholine binds with muscarinic receptors on the sphincter pupillae muscle, causing miosis
d) The neurotransmitter noradrenaline binds with muscarinic receptors on the sphincter pupillae muscle, causing mydriasis
c) The neurotransmitter acetylcholine binds with muscarinic receptors on the sphincter pupillae muscle, causing miosis
Which one of the following statements is correct?
a)Parasympathetic nerves release noradrenaline, which increases heart rate and force of contraction
b)Sympathetic nerves increase gut motility and parasympathetic nerves decrease gut motility
c)In the autonomic nervous system, preganglionic fibres release acetylcholine at the ganglion, which activates the post-ganglionic sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves
d) The autonomic nervous system is involved in the regulation of voluntary processes
c)In the autonomic nervous system, preganglionic fibres release acetylcholine at the ganglion, which activates the post-ganglionic sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
a) Histamine is released by mast cells by exocytosis
b) Histamine causes vasodilation
c) Histamine reduces vascular permeability
d) Histamine causes contraction of smooth muscle
c) Histamine reduces vascular permeability
When using the BNF, a contraindication can be defined as:
a) When a drug has an effect that is in addition to the intended effect(s)
b) When a drug should not be used and has the potential to cause harm
c) When particular precautions have to be considered before commencing treatment
d) When a drug has the potential to react with another drug and cause a change in activity when administered together
b) When a drug should not be used and has the potential to cause harm
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding drug receptors?
a) They are destroyed by binding of antagonists
b) They are normally activated by hormones or neurotransmitters
c) They initiate cellular responses
d) They are activated by agonists
a) They are destroyed by binding of antagonists
Which one of the following effects DOES NOT occur with inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase with aspirin?
a) analgesic
b) anti-inflammatory
c) platelet aggregation
d) anti-pyretic
c) platelet aggregation
The local anaesthetic lignocaine acts at which ONE of the following?
a) Cl- channels
b) b-adrenoceptors
c) H+/K+ ATPase pump
d) voltage gated Na+ channels
d) voltage gated Na+ channels
Pilocarpine is a drug which can be classified as one of the following:
a) An antimuscarinic
b) A sympathomimetic
c) A direct acting parasympathomimetic
d) An anticholinesterase
c) A direct acting parasympathomimetic
Which of the following may be described as a symptom of an ocular ADR to systemic medication?
a) papillodema
b) raised intra ocular pressure
c) diplopia
d) corneal endothelial deposits
c) diplopia
The therapeutic index is best described as:
a) Slope of the dose-response curve for a drug
b) Maximum effect attainable with a drug
c) Ratio of doses of a drug required for therapeutic versus toxic effect
d) Dose of a drug required for therapeutic effect
c) Ratio of doses of a drug required for therapeutic versus toxic effect
Which route of administration bypasses absorption?
a) rectal
b) subcutaneous
c) oral
d) intravenous
d) intravenous
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding systemic drugs that cause dry eye?
a) Altered sensory nerve input can be as a result of using cannabinoids
b) Reduced lacrimal gland secretion can be as a result of using oral antihistamines
c) Reduced aqueous production can be as result of using oral antidepressants
d) Altered sensory nerve input can be as a result of using adrenergic blocking drugs
d) Altered sensory nerve input can be as a result of using adrenergic blocking drugs
Which of the following enzymes does the drug aspirin act on?
a) cyclooxygenase (COX)
b) phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5)
c) protein kinase A (PKA)
d) angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)
a) cyclooxygenase (COX)
Parenteral administration includes which of the following:
a) sublingual
b) intravenous
c) oral
d) rectal
b) intravenous
The major organ of metabolism for most drugs is:
a) lungs
b) kidney
c) spleen
d) liver
d) liver
Which of the following receptors cause dilation of smooth muscle?
a) M3 receptor
b) M2 receptor
c) β2 receptor
d) β1 receptor
c) β2 receptor
Ipratropium is a bronchodilator. Which receptor does it act on?
a) β2 adrenoceptor
b) β1 adrenoceptor
c) M3 muscarinic receptor
d) nicotinic receptorM3 muscarinic receptor
c) M3 muscarinic receptor
Stimulation of the b2 adrenoceptor on airway smooth muscle can be mediated by
a) atropine
b) atenolol
c) methyldopa
d) adrenaline
d) adrenaline
