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Pcol Finals > Mock test for Anxiety > Flashcards

Mock test for Anxiety Flashcards

1
Q

2 Types of ion channels

A
  1. Voltage-gated channels
  2. Ligand-gated channels
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2
Q

2 types of neurotransmitter

A

Ionotropic receptors
Metabotropic receptors

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3
Q

EFFLUX OF K,
INFLUX OF CL-, CHANGE IN
CELLMEMBRANE POTENTIAL

A

HYPERPOLARIZATION

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4
Q

INFLUX OF NA AND CA–
CELL BECOMES POSITIVE

A

DEPOLARIZATION

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5
Q

EPSP stands for ?

A

Excitatory post-synaptic potential

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6
Q

IPSP stands for ?

A

Inhibitory postsynaptic potential

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7
Q

opens Na or Ca channels/ influx -> depolarization
(more positive) -> nerve impulse

A

Excitatory neurotransmitters

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8
Q

Excitatory neurotransmitters examples:

A

Norepinephrine, Dopamine, Acetylcholine,
Glutamate, Aspartate (NAGDA)

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9
Q

opens Cl channels -> hyperpolarization (more
negative) -> no nerve impulse

A

Inhibitory neurotransmitters

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10
Q

Inhibitory neurotransmitters examples:

A

glycine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

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11
Q

Blocks Na channel from outside toxin?
source: Puffer fish

A

Tetrodotoxin (TTX)

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12
Q

Slows inactivation, shifts activation of Na channels?
source: Colombian frog

A

Batrachotoxin (BTX)

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13
Q

blocks “small Ca-activated” K channel
source: Honeybee

A

Apamin

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14
Q

blocks “big Ca- activated” K channel
source: Scorpion

A

Charybdotoxin

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15
Q

Blocks N-type channel in Ca+ channel
Source:Pacific cone snail

A

Omega conotoxin
(ω-CTX-GVIA)

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16
Q

Blocks P-type channel in Ca+ channels
Source: Funnel web spider

A

Agatoxin (ω-AGA-IVA)

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17
Q

The irreversible antagonist of Nicotinic ACh
receptor (Ligand-gated)
Source: Marine snake

A

α-Bungarotoxin

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18
Q

Blocks channel in GABA a receptor?
Source: South Pacific plant

A

Picrotoxin

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19
Q

Competitive antagonist in Glycine receptor
Source: Indian plant

A

Strychnine

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20
Q

Blocks channel in AMPA receptor
Source: Wasp

A

Philanthotoxin

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21
Q

AMPA stand for ?

A

a-Amino- 3- hydroxy- 5- methylisoxazole- 4 proprionic acid

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22
Q

is an emotional state commonly caused by the
perception of real or potential danger that
threatens the security of an individual

A

anxiety

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23
Q

recurrent unexpected panic
attacks that can occur with agoraphobia in which
patients fear places in which escape might be difficult.

A

Panic disorder

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24
Q

intense fear of particular objects
or situations (e.g. snakes, heights);most common
psychiatric disorder

A

Specific phobia

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25
Q

intense fear of being scrutinized in
social or public situations (e.g., giving a speech, speaking
in class).

A

Social phobia

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26
Q

intense pervasive
worry, over virtually every aspect of life

A

Generalized anxiety disorder

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27
Q

persistent reexperience of a trauma, efforts to avoid recollecting the trauma, and hyperarousal

A

Post-traumatic stress disorder

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28
Q

recurrent
obsessions and compulsions that cause significant
distress and occupy a significant portion of one’s life

A

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

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29
Q

usually, accompanied by symptoms of anxiety?

A

tachycardia, palpitations, tachypnea,
sweating, trembling and weakness

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30
Q

a. restlessness
b. fatigue
c. difficulty in concentrating
d. irritability
e. muscle tension
f. sleep disturbance

symptoms in ?

A

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

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31
Q

Palpitations or tachycardia
Sweating
Trembling or shaking
Sensations of shortness of
breath or smothering
Feeling of choking
Chest pain or discomfort
Nausea or abdominal
distress

Dizziness, unsteadiness,
lightheadedness
Derealization or
depersonalization
Fear of losing control
Fear of dying
Paresthesia
Chills or hot flushes

Diagnostic criteria for ?

A

Panic disorder or Panic attack

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32
Q

At least ______ of the following symptoms
developed abruptly and reached a peak within
______

A

least four (1)
10 minutes (2)

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33
Q

Fear of losing control
Fear of dying or being detached from your environment.

A

Derealization or
depersonalization

34
Q

Chills or hot flushes or burning sensation

A

Paresthesia

35
Q

Goals of Therapy:

A

to reduce the severity, duration and
frequency of the anxiety symptoms
▪to improve the patient’s overall
functioning
▪to prevent anxiety symptoms
▪to improve quality of life

36
Q

Nonpharmacologic Therapy

A

Short-term counseling
Stress management
Psychotherapy - for encouragement
Meditation
Exercise
Avoidance from caffeine, nonprescription
stimulants and diet pills

37
Q

calming effect but did not induce sleep

A

Sedative drugs

38
Q

Minor tranquilizers , induce drowsiness and sleep

A

Hypnotic drugs

39
Q

most widely used anxiolytic and drug of choice in GAD
MOA: Increase frequency of chloride
channel opening enhancing
membrane hyperpolarization

A

benzodiazepines

40
Q

Short-acting (2-8 hrs) BZD

A

Oxazepam (Serax)
Triazolam (Halcion)
Clonazepam (Klonopin, Rivotril)
Midazolam (Versed, Dormicum)
Temazepam (Restoril)

41
Q

Intermediate-acting (10-20 hrs) BZD

A

Lorazepam (Ativan)
Alprazolam (Xanax, Xanor)
Temazepam (Restoril)
Flunitrazepam (Rohypnol)

42
Q

Long-acting (1-3 days)

A

Diazepam (Valium, Anxionil)
Flurazepam(Dalmane)
Chlordiazepoxide (Librium)

43
Q

Anxiety BZD

A

Alprazolam, diazepam

44
Q

Seizures BZD

A

diazepam, clonazepam,
lorazepam

45
Q

Insomnia BZD

A

flurazepam, midazolam

46
Q

pre-operative sedation BZD

A

midazolam

47
Q

metabolite of benzodiazepines ?

A

N-desmethyldiazepam (N-DMDZ),

48
Q

active metabolite with a long elimination t1/2
of more than ____.

A

40 hours

49
Q

ABSORPTION and DISTRIBUTION: BZD
§ Absorbed ____ following oral administration
§ Cross the___, ____ barrier
§ Secreted in ____

A

rapidly (1)
BBB (2)
placental (3)
milk (4)

50
Q

for IV anesthesia BZD

A

Diazepam and lorazepam

51
Q

Anticonvulsant BZD

A

Clonazepan, Nitrazepam,
Lorazepam, Diazepam

52
Q

lost of coordination like muscle control, balance and trouble in walking

A

Ataxia

53
Q

loss of the ability to
create new memories after the event that
caused the amnesia, leading to a partial or
complete inability to recall the recent past,
while long-term memories before the event
remain intact.

A

Anterograde amnesia

54
Q

§ Decreased responsiveness to a drug following
repeated exposure
§ Result in the need for an increase in the dose
required to maintain symptomatic improvement
or to promote sleep

A

Tolerance

55
Q

An altered physiologic state that requires
continuous drug administration to prevent
abstinence or withdrawal syndrome

A

Dependence

56
Q

Treat for BZD withdrawal symptoms

A

Diazepam
▪ -can be initiated as loading dose (40% of daily
consumption), followed by a daily tapering of
10%.
§ Clonazepam
▪ -an alternative agent
§ Phenobarbital
▪ for mixed Bzd and alcohol dependence.

57
Q

treatment for Benzodiazepine poisoning
A benzodiazepine antagonist
§ GABA receptor antagonist

A

Flumazenil (Anexate)

58
Q

additive effect; lowers the therapeutic index
of BZD

A

Alcohol + BZD

59
Q

Synergism of adverse sedative effects

A

CNS depressants + BZD

60
Q

Respiratory suppression and death

A

Lorazepam + Clozapine

61
Q

inhibition of BZ metabolism

A

Cimetidine + BZD

62
Q

§ increased alprazolam concentrations.

A

Nefazodone/Fluvoxamine

63
Q

§ increased alprazolam concentrations.

A

Nefazodone/Fluvoxamine

64
Q
  • former DOC for anxiety, insomnia
    MOA:s increase the duration of GABA-mediated chloride ion channel opening
A

barbiturates

65
Q

Ultra-short (20 min)

A

Thiopental (Pentothal)

66
Q

Short-acting (3-8 h)

A

Pentobarbital (Nembutal)
Amobarbital (Amytal)

67
Q

Long-acting (1-2 d):

A

phenobarbital (Luminal)

68
Q

Intermediate-acting

A

amobarbital, butabarbital

69
Q

induction of anesthesia BAR

A

Thiopental

70
Q

seizures in children BAR

A

Phenobarbital

71
Q

anxiety-BAR

A

Pentobarbital, Amobarbital

72
Q

is capable of inducing
the hepatic microsomal drug-metabolizing enzyme system(P-450)

A

Phenobarbital

73
Q

bind selectively to GABAA receptor isoforms that
contain α1 subunits to enhance
hyperpolarization
used in sleep disorders

A

Eszopiclone (Lunesta ™)
§ cyclopyrrolone
Zaleplon ( Sonata ™)
§ pyrazolopyrimidine
Zolpidem (Ambien™)
§ Imidazopyridine

74
Q

Melatonin Receptor Agonist
MOA: Activates MT1 and MT2 receptors in
suprachiasmatic nuclei in the CNS
Rapid onset of effect with minimal rebound
insomnia
¡ Used with caution in patients with liver
dysfunction
Metabolized by CYP1A2

A

ramelteon (rozerem)

75
Q

drug interaction of ramelteon :

A

CYP1A2 inhibitors
(Ciprofloxacin, Fluvoxamine, Tacrine, Zileuton)
and Rifampin

76
Q

azapirone anxiolytic
§ Possess no anti-convulsant, muscle relaxant, hypnotic,
motor impairment and dependence properties
alternative for GAD
The agent of choice in the management of chronic, persistent
anxiety.
¡ It is not cross-tolerant with BZs and will not treat or prevent
symptoms of BZ withdrawal
It is an appropriate choice for anxious patients with a history
of alcohol or drug abuse

A

buspirone.

77
Q

useful in patients with prominent
cardiovascular symptoms of anxiety
they are less effective anxiolytics than BZs,

A

Propranolol and other beta-blockers

78
Q

Accumulate with the nightly administration of
the drug
Associated to MICKEY FINN
¡ Trichloroethanol – active metabolite
¡ Trichloroacetic acid – toxic metabolite

A

CHLORAL HYDRATE

79
Q

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl), doxylamine (Unisom),
hydroxyzine (Atarax, Iterax)

A

Antihistamines

80
Q

not a Bz but acts on Bz receptor

A

Zolpidem (Ambien, Stilnox)

Pcol Finals (5 decks)

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