Mock test for Alzheimer's diseases

Question 1

is a neurodegenerative disease that causes memory loss, behavioral changes & immobility

inc w/ advancing age
5% in 65 yrs old
double by 70 yrs old
50% in 85 yrs old

Answer 1

Alzheimer’s Disease

Question 2

_____ is not a normal part of the aging process

Answer 2

Dementia

Question 3

Comorbidity that speed up the Alzheimer’s disease:

Answer 3

Cerebrovascular disease
HTN
diabetes
sleep apnea
Parkinson disease

Question 4

familial Alzheimer’s disease is associated w/ the gene that makes the protein _______

Answer 4

Apo E (apolipoprotein E)

Question 5

are sticky, dense substances composed of protein called _____- fill the space between neurons in the brain & interfere w/ the transmission of signals between the neurons.

Answer 5

Plaques
beta amyloid (2)

Question 6

are twisted fibers & are made of protein clumps called ___ block the transmission of messages between neurons.

Answer 6

tangles
tau (2)

Question 7

neurotransmitter that plays a significant role in AD :

Answer 7

Acetylcholine
glutamate
dopamine
norepinephrine
serotonin
NMDA

Question 8

signs and symptoms: forgetfulness confusion difficulty reading speaking, and writing.

Answer 8

cognitive

Question 9

signs and symptoms: difficulty w/ body movements

Answer 9

physical

Question 10

signs and symptoms: anxiousness anger aggressiveness

Answer 10

psychological

Question 11

GDS means

Answer 11

Global Deterioration Scale

Question 12

Dr. Barry Reisberg, provide caregivers an overview of the stage of cognitive function for those suffering form primary degenerative dementia such Alzheimer’s disease.

Answer 12

Global Deterioration Scale

Question 13

GDS: the pre- dementia stages

Answer 13

stage 1-3

Question 14

GDS: the dementia stages

Answer 14

stage 4-7

Question 15

beginning of ____, an individual can no longer survive without assistance.

Answer 15

stage 5

Question 16

More specific assessment for AD

Answer 16

Brief Cognitive Rating Scale (BCRS)
Functional Assessment Staging (FAST)

Question 17

drugs used to txt AD :

Answer 17

INC ach level ach the synapse
block glutamate activity

Question 18

typically prescribed for mild to moderate disease
txt of vascular dementia (dementia associated w/ cerebrovascular disease)

Answer 18

acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

Question 19

enzyme that degrades Ach

Answer 19

acetylcholinesterase

Question 20

appears to enhance the degeneration of cholinergic neurons

Answer 20

AChE-S

Question 21

has been shown to be neuroprotective in human & animals studies

Answer 21

AChE-R

Question 22

MOA: is a specific and reversible Inh of AChE, the predominant cholinesterase in the brain. it exerts its therapeutic effect by enhancing cholinergic function in the central nervous system by increasing the concentration of acetylcholine through reversible inhibition of its hydrolysis by AChE

use in all stages of Alzheimer’s

Answer 22

Donepezil (Aricept)

Question 23

Donepezil (Aricept) ADR:

Answer 23

CI: CVD cause heart block
asthma - bronchoconstriction

Anemia, abnormal dreams, abnormal crying, aggression, agitation, anxiety, apathy, aphasia, liver failure.

Question 24

Moa: is a reversible inhibitor of acetylcholine esterase & enhances the intrinsic action of acetylcholine on nicotinic receptors, leading to increased cholinergic neurotransmission in the CNS.

used in Mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease.

Answer 24

Galantamine (razadyne)

Question 25

Galantamine (razadyne) ADR:

Answer 25

CI: several renal & hepatic impairment Serious skin reactions CNS depression Vagotonic effects on heart rate weight loss seizures increase gastric acid secretion bladder outflow obstruction BPH symptoms exacerbation

Question 26

MOA: a cholinesterase inh, inhibits both butyrylcholinesterase & acetylcholinesterase it is thought to work by inh these cholinesterase enzymes, which otherwise break down the brain neurotransmitter acetylcholine.

Answer 26

Rivastigmine (exelon)

Question 27

Rivastigmine (exelon) ADR:

Answer 27

allergic dermatitis (patch) CNS depression Extrapyramidal symptoms N/V & diarrhoea Anorexia Weight loss bradycardia, heart block

Question 28

block the actions of glutamate at NMDA receptors sites. is a non-competitive NMDA Receptor antagonist which binds preferentially to NMDA- receptor-operated cation channels. it blocks the action of glutamate, the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the CNS used in moderate to severe

Answer 28

Memantine (Ebixa/Namenda)

Question 29

N-methyl- D- Aspartate receptor inhibitors

Answer 29

abdominal pain & cramping dizziness diarrhea Nausea Sedation Hypotension INC urination Pseudoparkinsonism myocardial infraction, erectile dysfunction & suicide ideation

Question 30

Nausea (except ____)

Answer 30

Memantine

Question 31

Sedation & Hypotension (except___) INC urination (only)

Answer 31

Donepezil

Question 32

Pseudoparkinsonism (except___)

Answer 32

Rivastigmine & memantine

Question 33

myocardial infraction, erectile dysfunction & suicide ideation

Answer 33

Memantine

Question 34

Memantine ADR:

Answer 34

Cl: patient w/ CV disease, epilepsy, history of convulsion or those w/ predisposing factors for epilepsy. Moderate to severe renal and severe hepatic impairment. Pregnancy & lactation. h/a dizziness constipation HTN Somnolence Anxiety confusion hallucination fatigue fungal infections Cystitis thromboembolism inc libido psychotic rxn pancreatitis

Question 35

is used to txt dementia (memory loss & mental changes) associated w/ moderate or severe alzheimer's disease hydrochloride extended-release and 10mg Donepezil hydrochloride (14 mg/10mg) or 28 mg memantine hydrochloride extended- release and 10 mg donepezil hydrochloride (28 mg/10mg). used moderate to severe

Answer 35

Memantine + Donepezil (namzaric)

Question 36

Memantine + Donepezil (namzaric) ADR:

Answer 36

diarrhea anorexia vomiting nausea Ecchymosis

Question 37

caprylic acid is a fatty acid found in processed _____. the human body breaks down caprylic acid into the protein ketone. A similar protein is used in a drug called _____

Answer 37

Coconut oil Ketasyn (2)

Question 38

regular consumption of ____ reduced cognitive impairment. But, it's important to note this research was conducted in animals, not humans

Answer 38

Omega 3 fatty acids

Question 39

is an alternative medicine that is believed to promote self-healing by using fine, sterile needles. This therapy is thought to stimulate the body and improve the flow of energy.

Answer 39

Acupuncture

Question 40

enhances mood and memory

Answer 40

Aromatherapy

Question 41

gingko biloba may benefit people w/ cognitive impairment caused by AD.

Answer 41

herbal medicine