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Pcol Finals > Mock test for Alzheimer's diseases > Flashcards

Mock test for Alzheimer's diseases Flashcards

1
Q

is a neurodegenerative disease that causes memory loss, behavioral changes & immobility

inc w/ advancing age
5% in 65 yrs old
double by 70 yrs old
50% in 85 yrs old

A

Alzheimer’s Disease

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2
Q

_____ is not a normal part of the aging process

A

Dementia

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3
Q

Comorbidity that speed up the Alzheimer’s disease:

A

Cerebrovascular disease
HTN
diabetes
sleep apnea
Parkinson disease

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4
Q

familial Alzheimer’s disease is associated w/ the gene that makes the protein _______

A

Apo E (apolipoprotein E)

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5
Q

are sticky, dense substances composed of protein called _____- fill the space between neurons in the brain & interfere w/ the transmission of signals between the neurons.

A

Plaques
beta amyloid (2)

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6
Q

are twisted fibers & are made of protein clumps called ___ block the transmission of messages between neurons.

A

tangles
tau (2)

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7
Q

neurotransmitter that plays a significant role in AD :

A

Acetylcholine
glutamate
dopamine
norepinephrine
serotonin
NMDA

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8
Q

signs and symptoms: forgetfulness confusion difficulty reading speaking, and writing.

A

cognitive

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9
Q

signs and symptoms: difficulty w/ body movements

A

physical

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10
Q

signs and symptoms: anxiousness anger aggressiveness

A

psychological

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11
Q

GDS means

A

Global Deterioration Scale

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12
Q

Dr. Barry Reisberg, provide caregivers an overview of the stage of cognitive function for those suffering form primary degenerative dementia such Alzheimer’s disease.

A

Global Deterioration Scale

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13
Q

GDS: the pre- dementia stages

A

stage 1-3

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14
Q

GDS: the dementia stages

A

stage 4-7

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15
Q

beginning of ____, an individual can no longer survive without assistance.

A

stage 5

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16
Q

More specific assessment for AD

A

Brief Cognitive Rating Scale (BCRS)
Functional Assessment Staging (FAST)

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17
Q

drugs used to txt AD :

A

INC ach level ach the synapse
block glutamate activity

18
Q

typically prescribed for mild to moderate disease
txt of vascular dementia (dementia associated w/ cerebrovascular disease)

A

acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

19
Q

enzyme that degrades Ach

A

acetylcholinesterase

20
Q

appears to enhance the degeneration of cholinergic neurons

A

AChE-S

21
Q

has been shown to be neuroprotective in human & animals studies

A

AChE-R

22
Q

MOA: is a specific and reversible Inh of AChE, the predominant cholinesterase in the brain. it exerts its therapeutic effect by enhancing cholinergic function in the central nervous system by increasing the concentration of acetylcholine through reversible inhibition of its hydrolysis by AChE

use in all stages of Alzheimer’s

A

Donepezil (Aricept)

23
Q

Donepezil (Aricept) ADR:

A

CI: CVD cause heart block
asthma - bronchoconstriction

Anemia, abnormal dreams, abnormal crying, aggression, agitation, anxiety, apathy, aphasia, liver failure.

24
Q

Moa: is a reversible inhibitor of acetylcholine esterase & enhances the intrinsic action of acetylcholine on nicotinic receptors, leading to increased cholinergic neurotransmission in the CNS.

used in Mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease.

A

Galantamine (razadyne)

25
Q

Galantamine (razadyne) ADR:

A

CI: several renal & hepatic impairment

Serious skin reactions
CNS depression
Vagotonic effects on heart rate
weight loss
seizures
increase gastric acid secretion
bladder outflow obstruction
BPH symptoms exacerbation

26
Q

MOA: a cholinesterase inh, inhibits both butyrylcholinesterase & acetylcholinesterase
it is thought to work by inh these cholinesterase enzymes, which otherwise break down the brain neurotransmitter acetylcholine.

A

Rivastigmine (exelon)

27
Q

Rivastigmine (exelon) ADR:

A

allergic dermatitis (patch)
CNS depression
Extrapyramidal symptoms
N/V & diarrhoea
Anorexia
Weight loss
bradycardia, heart block

28
Q

block the actions of glutamate at NMDA receptors sites.
is a non-competitive NMDA Receptor antagonist which binds preferentially to NMDA- receptor-operated cation channels. it blocks the action of glutamate, the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the CNS

used in moderate to severe

A

Memantine (Ebixa/Namenda)

29
Q

N-methyl- D- Aspartate receptor inhibitors

A

abdominal pain & cramping
dizziness
diarrhea
Nausea
Sedation
Hypotension
INC urination
Pseudoparkinsonism
myocardial infraction, erectile dysfunction & suicide ideation

30
Q

Nausea (except ____)

A

Memantine

31
Q

Sedation & Hypotension (except___)
INC urination (only)

A

Donepezil

32
Q

Pseudoparkinsonism (except___)

A

Rivastigmine & memantine

33
Q

myocardial infraction, erectile dysfunction & suicide ideation

A

Memantine

34
Q

Memantine ADR:

A

Cl: patient w/ CV disease, epilepsy, history of convulsion or those w/ predisposing factors for epilepsy. Moderate to severe renal and severe hepatic impairment. Pregnancy & lactation.

h/a
dizziness
constipation
HTN
Somnolence
Anxiety
confusion
hallucination
fatigue
fungal infections
Cystitis
thromboembolism
inc libido
psychotic rxn
pancreatitis

35
Q

is used to txt dementia (memory loss & mental changes) associated w/ moderate or severe alzheimer’s disease

hydrochloride extended-release and 10mg Donepezil
hydrochloride (14 mg/10mg) or 28 mg memantine hydrochloride extended- release and 10 mg donepezil hydrochloride (28 mg/10mg).

used moderate to severe

A

Memantine + Donepezil (namzaric)

36
Q

Memantine + Donepezil (namzaric) ADR:

A

diarrhea
anorexia
vomiting
nausea
Ecchymosis

37
Q

caprylic acid is a fatty acid found in processed _____. the human body breaks down caprylic acid into the protein ketone. A similar protein is used in a drug called _____

A

Coconut oil
Ketasyn (2)

38
Q

regular consumption of ____ reduced cognitive impairment. But, it’s important to note this research was conducted in animals, not humans

A

Omega 3 fatty acids

39
Q

is an alternative medicine that is believed to promote self-healing by using fine, sterile needles. This therapy is thought to stimulate the body and improve the flow of energy.

A

Acupuncture

40
Q

enhances mood and memory

A

Aromatherapy

41
Q

gingko biloba may benefit people w/ cognitive impairment caused by AD.

A

herbal medicine

Pcol Finals (5 decks)

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