Mock Test Flashcards
Which of these is a long-term clinical consequence of anorexia nervosa?
*Osteoporosis
When carbohydrate is substituted for saturated fatty acids, ____ levels fall. However, very high intakes of carbohydrates (>60% of total calories) are accompanied by a reduction in ____ and a rise in ____ .
LDL, HDL, Triglycerides
GRAS is:
Generally Regarded as Safe
_______ arise from connective tissues, such as muscular bone
Sarcomas
In cardioprotective diet, the desirable contribution of fat to total energy intake is:
30%
In cardioprotective diet, the desirable contribution of saturated fatty acids to total energy intake is:
<10%
Which of the following food items cannot be converted into fat for storage in our adipose tissue?
Bran
Which of the following may not be considered as cancer promoter?
Having babies at young age (for female)
Which of the following is decreased by trans fatty acids?
HDL
Which of the following diseases is not considered as a chronic disease?
Pneumonia
Which of the following fatty acids is an omega-3 fatty acid?
Alpha linolenic acid
A dietary nutrient that is effective in preventing or reducing oxidative damage to cells by free radicals is?
Vitamin E
Which form of iron is easier to be absorbed by the body?
Ferrous
Which nutrient deficiency during pregnancy is associated with neural tube defect in infants?
Folate
Which foods contain high potassium (K) but low sodium (Na)?
Banana
Which of the following helps to protect against cancer?
- Alcohol
- High intake of omega-6 fatty acids
- Lard
*all answers are not correct
Which of the following is true regarding the effect of trans fatty acids on plasma cholesterol compared with that of saturated fatty acids
Trans fatty acids increase plasma LDL and reduce HDL than saturated fatty acids.
Which of the following statements concerning cancer cachexia is false?
It is a syndrome that is associated with all types of cancer.
Name two non-nutritive bioactive compounds found in pulses and summarise their potential biological/health effects:
Phytates
- Acts as an anticarcinogen
- Antioxidant activity and protects DNA damage
Phytosterols
- Lowers serum cholesterol
- A potent calcium-activated potassium channel opener
Lectins
- Can impair the integrity of the intestinal epithelium and thus the absorption and utilisation of nutrients
- Protective effect on oxidative DNA damage and cancer chemoprevention
Name three nutrients that can help reduce the plasma homocysteine levels. Briefly explain the reactions involved
Folate and Vitamin B12 are crucial for homocysteine metabolism, a process that converts homocysteine back to its original form. Vitamin B6 is involved in the conversion of homocysteine to cysteine.
Briefly describe the role of plant stanols in the management of hypercholesterolaemia
Plant stanols/sterols are nutraceuticals that lower serum cholesterol levels by reducing intestinal cholesterol absorption. Plant stanols and sterols have a structure that is very similar to that of cholesterol, and the difference between stanols and sterols is that the former are saturated and the latter are not. 2 to 3g/day lower LDL levels by 6-15% with little or no change in HDL or triglyceride levels.
A client asked about the complications of poor glycemic management of type 1 diabetes; what would you say?
Answers will include:
a) microvascular
retinopathy
nephropathy
neuropathy
b) macrovascular
stroke/cerebrovascular disease
heart disease
peripheral vascular disease
The DAFNE course includes education and information on key aspects. Briefly outline at least four:
- Testing blood glucose levels (4/day or more)
- Injecting at least 3/day or using a pump
- Adjusting insulin according to food/exercise behaviours
- following a diet/exercise plan
- regular interaction with clinical care teams
Would you encourage a patient to aim to prevent micro or macro-vascular complications of type 1 diabetes control first? Give a reason for your answer
Should always aim for microvascular changes because these are not (easily) reversible and can have implications in macrovascular processes as well if left untreated
