mock rev - need to memorize Flashcards
equation linking moles, mass and Mr
moles = mass / Mr
general formula for alkanes
CnH2n+2
general formula for alkenes
CnH2n
colour and state of chlorine at room temp
yellow/green gas
colour and state of bromine at room temp
red/brown liquid
colour and state of iodine at room temp
grey solid
colour of bromine solution
orange
colour of iodine solution
brown
test for alkenes vs alkanes
bromine water reacts with alkenes, go from orange to colourless
equation linking moles, concentration and volume
moles = conc x volume (dm3)
conversion between cm3 and dm3
1dm3 = 1000cm3
how to calculate moles of gas if volume is known
moles = vol (dm3) / 24
define ionic bond
the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions
define covalent bond
the electrostatic attraction between two nuclei and shared pair of electrons
define metallic bond
The electrostatic attraction between positive ions and a sea of delocalised electrons
what types of elements are ionically bonded
metals + non-metals
what types of elements are covalently bonded
non-metal + non-metal
what types of elements are metalically bonded
metals
how to do water of crystallisation questions
Step 1: Work out the mol of unhydrated salt
Step 2: Work out the mol of water (can figure out mass by mass lost)
Step 3: Find the mol ratio of unhydrated salt:water (tips: Divide the both number with smaller number)
define homologous series
a family of molecules with similar chemical properties, the same general formula and the same functional group
define hydrocarbon
an organic compound that contains carbon and hydrogen only
define functional group
the group of atoms that control a compound’s chemical properties
what are the reactants and products of catalytic cracking
long chain alkane –> alkene + shorter chain alkane
catalysts used in cracking
silica or alumina