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University > Mock 2 > Flashcards

Mock 2 Flashcards

1
Q

To produce energy in cardiogenic shock, cells utilise

A

Anaerobic metabolism

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2
Q

Urine passes through the:

A

Pelvis of the kidney
To the ureter
To the bladder
To the urethra

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3
Q

The presence of Schwann cells (myelin sheath) is important in:

A

The rapid transmission of a nerve impulse

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4
Q

Neurotransmitters act on:

A

Specific receptors on the postsynaptic neurone causing depolarisation

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5
Q

Both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways require something to proceed. What is it?

A

The presence of calcium

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6
Q

According to NICE, what is the current first line treatment for hypertension in patients aged under 55 years?

A

ACE Inhibitors

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7
Q

Symptoms of infection can be caused by:

A

Our immune system
Toxins produced by microorganisms
The death of invaded human cells

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8
Q

Which is the primary organ associated with drug metabolism?

A

The liver

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9
Q

Isosorbide mononitrate and glyceryl tribute are cause vasodilation by facilitating an increased supply of what substance?

A

Nitric oxide (NO)

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10
Q

When considering medicines management in elderly patients, which aspect of pharmacokinetics changes the most?

A

Excretion/Elimination

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11
Q

How do ACE inhibitors work?

A

They block the conversion of Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II

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12
Q

The coronary sinus drains venous blood from:?

A

The arteries supplying the heart

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13
Q

What is the process by which water is reabsorbed from the renal tubule?

A

Osmosis

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14
Q

Which gland produces growth hormone?

A

Pituitary

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15
Q

Raised levels of angiotensin 2 and antidiuretic hormone will result in:

A

An increase in venous return

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16
Q

The chordate tendinae prevent regurgitation from

A

The ventricles into the atria

17
Q

What is caused by a ventilation-perfusion mismatch?

A

Type 1 respiratory failure

18
Q

The presenting characteristics of an osteoarthritic pain are:

A

Inflammation
Sensitisation
Evocation of silent nociceptors
Wind up

19
Q

Which oral antiglycaemic is least likely to cause hypoglycaemia?

A

Met form in

20
Q

Inhaled salbutamol can cause tachycardia as a side effect especially in higher doses. This occurs because:

A

B2 receptors in the heart muscle are stimulated by salbutamol

21
Q

Chronic inflammation is not associated with?

A

Infiltration of neutrophils

22
Q

Consequences of atherosclerosis do not include?

A

Hypertension

23
Q

Consequences of atherosclerosis include:

A

Ischaemic heart disease
Acute coronary symptoms
Stroke

24
Q

Where in the body is renin produced?

A

Juxtaglomerular apparatus

25
Q

Water deficiency results in what?

A

Hypotension

26
Q

An aneurysm is an abnormal

A

Widening or ballooning of an artery

27
Q

The heart Rate is regulated by the cardiovascular centre, which lies where in the brain?

A

In the medulla oblongata

28
Q

With regard to erythropoietin (EPO) release from the kidneys, what is false?

A

In anaemia the kidneys produce less EPO to conserve the 02 carrying capacity of the red blood cells already in the blood

29
Q

Which of the following is an inhibitory neurotransmitter?

A

Gamma amino butyric acid (GABA)

30
Q

The spinothalamic tract carries nociceptive impulses from:

A

The first order synapse to the thalamus

31
Q

What are thrombolytic drugs used for?

A

To break down clots in emergencies

32
Q

Muscle cells use the anaerobic process of glycolysis when:

A

The mitochondria lack sufficient oxygen to meet ATP demands

33
Q

Cardiac muscles differ from skeletal muscle fibres in that they:

A

Do not require neural stimulation to contract

34
Q

What causes the redness in inflammation?

A

Vasodilatation

35
Q

The refractory stage of shock

A

Results in multi system organ failure

36
Q

Haematocrit is also known as

A

Packed cell volume

37
Q

The hypothalamus secretes which of the following hormones?

A

Thyroid-releasing hormone

38
Q

The acute complications of diabetes are:

A

Hypoglycaemia
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic syndrome

39
Q

Which of the following lung volumes can only be estimated ?

A

Total lung capacity

University (7 decks)

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