Mock Flashcards
mundane realism
How a study mirrors the real world
internal validity
measures what its supposed to measure
replication
repeating an experiment to see if the same results can be achieved
null hypothesis structure
There will be no difference/relationship between ____ and ___ and any difference/relationship that does occur does so by chance.
measures of central tendency
mean, mode, median
measures of dispersion
range, standard deviation
what does ‘standard deviation’ mean
- Provides a rough idea about the dispersion of the scores which are around the mean
- The smaller the standard deviation, the narrower the range
when is normal dispersion likely to occur
when we have a large population
Likert scale questions
provide a scale for participants to select their strengths of agreement or disagreement
dichotomous questions
offering two choices
semantic differential questions
bi-polar words present with spaces between them for participants to indicate the point between the two representing their strength of feeling.
positive correlation
as one variable increases, the other does too
negative variable
as one variable increases, the other decreases
zero correlation
the two variables are not related at all
who has developed ethnic guidelines
The British Psychological Society
case studies
in-depth investigations of an individual person or a small group such as a family
event sampling
- Recording all behaviors over a period of time every time they occur
- Choosing specific behaviors to focus on
natural experiments
researcher takes advantage of a naturally occurring change in the IV
quasi experiments
- participants cannot be randomly allocated
- for example, in an experiment measuring the difference in sex, participants have to be in groups of males and females
weakness of quasi experiment
no cause and effect established
co-variables
variables causing correlation
content analysis
allows for a researcher to analyse different qualitive data and turn it into quantitive data.
time sampling
- Make observations for short intervals within a given period of time
- Allows for us to write detailed notes
ordinal data
ordered or ranked
interval data
measured on a scale
ratio
DV has an absolute zero
make comparisons such as ‘twice as big’
nominal data
classified into categories
why are histograms used
show the distribution of data
what type of data does a histogram display
continuous data
different types of external validity
ecological, population, temporal
population validity
how well it can be generalized to the population
temporal validity
how well results can be generalized to different time periods
