Mock 1 Feedback Flashcards
What is the pharmacology of spironalactone?
Competitive inhibitor of aldosterone receptors on sodium-potassium channels in the DCT.
Acts on principal and α intercalated cells.
Examples of ACE inhibitors?
- ramipril
- enalapril
- lisinopril
Examples of ARBs?
- candesartan
- losartan
- irbesartan
Examples of calcium channel blockers?
- amlodipine
- felodipine
- verapamil
- diltiazem
First line hypertension treatment for patients under 55 and NOT of black African or African Carribean ethnicity
OR any patient with type 2 diabetes?
ACE inhibitor
ARB if ACEi not tolerated
First line hypertension treatment for patients over 55 OR of black African / African Caribbean ethnicity (without T2D)?
Calcium channel blocker.
What is Conn’s syndrome?
Primary hyperaldosteronism.
What are some causes of primary hyperaldosteronism?
- adrenal adenoma
- bilateral adrenal hyperplasia
- familial hyperaldosteronism (type 1 and 2)
- adrenal carcinoma
What features would make you suspicious of Conn’s syndrome?
- hypertension associated with hypokalaemia
- hypertension despite being on 3 or more anti-hypertensives
- hypertension before 40 years of age
What are some causes of hypercalcaemia?
- hyperparathyroidism
- malignancy
- excessive vitamin D / A
- drugs (thiazide diuretics, lithium)
- granulomatous diseases (TB, sarcoidosis, leprosy, etc)
- CKD (secondary hyperparathyroidism)
- familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia
- thyrotoxicosis
- Addison’s disease
- phaeochromocytoma
- immobility
