mock 1 - concepts

Question 1

what is fixation disparity?

Answer 1

small alignment of visual axis is measured under associated conditions

Question 2

what is associated conditions?

Answer 2

images from each eye are fused by the pt
- ex fixation disparity

Question 3

what are the adverse effects of tetracyclines?

Answer 3

bone growth retardation
discoloring of teeth
IIH/ pseudotumor cerebri

Question 4

what is dissociated conditions?

Answer 4

each eye views a different object and the images from the two eyes are not fused.
ex - Maddox rod, cover test, von graefe

Question 5

the tectospinal tract is thought to be involved in …..?

Answer 5

reflexive head movements in response to visual stimuli

Question 6

what is contained in the middle ear?

Answer 6

• tympanic cavity
• auditory ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes small ear bones)
• stapedius
• tensor tympani

Question 7

what is contained in the inner ear?

Answer 7

semicircular canals

Question 8

what is sensitivity?

Answer 8

ability of a test to accurately detect the pt has the disease

Question 9

what is specificity?

Answer 9

ability of a test to accurately detect a pt does NOT have a given disease

Question 10

what is spositive predictive value?

Answer 10

probabitlity the pt has the disease given the test is positive

Question 11

what is negative predictive value?

Answer 11

probability the pt does not have the disease given the test is negative

Question 12

what are the retinal signs of non-exudative (dry) AMD?

Answer 12

drusen
RPE mottling or granularity
RPE atrophy
offical RPE hyperpigmentation

Question 13

what are signs of choroidal neovascularization in exudative (wet) AMD?

Answer 13

subretinal fluid
sub-RPE fluid
subretinal hemorrhage
sub-RPE hemorrhage

Question 14

CL power will have less ___ (more ___) power compared to spectacle lens

Answer 14

less minus (more plus)

ex. Spec rx = -6.50D
CL rx = -6.0D

Question 15

a keratometer measures the radius of curvature of the cornea by treating the cornea as what type of surface?

Answer 15

Convex mirror - the cornea forms a reflected image of the keratometer mires. The size of the reflected image is used to determine the radius of curvature of the cornea

Question 16

corneal epithelium is derived from _____?

Answer 16

surface ectoderm

Question 17

the lens vesicles develops from ___?

Answer 17

develops in response to the formation of the optic cups

Question 18

the neural crest cells form the ____ and _____?

Answer 18

corneal stroma and corneal endothelium

Question 19

what is holocrine secretion?

Answer 19

entire cell that contains the product is shed into the lumen of the duct
ex. meibomian glands

Question 20

what is apocrine secretion?

Answer 20

the products of the cell are secreted into a membrane-bound vesicle into the lumen.
Ex.
goblet cells
glands of Moll

Question 21

what is merocrine secretion?

Answer 21

cell products are simply exocytosed into the lumen
ex. main lacrimal gland

Question 22

the parvocellular pw is responsible for

Answer 22

detection of detail
color
perception of size, shape, detail

receives infor from neurons in central retina that are sensitive to high spatial frequencies

Question 23

what is the magnocellular pw responsible for?

Answer 23

detection of motion
-receive infor from peripheral retinal neurons that are sensitive to low spatial frequencies

Question 24

what is the MOST common causes of prespetal cellulitis?

Answer 24

Hordeolum **

• ocular infection (hordeolum, dacryocystitis)
• systemic infection (upper respiratory tract, middle ear infections, skin trauma (wound, insect bite

Question 25

What is the most common cause of orbital cellulitis?

Answer 25

• sinus infection (ethmoiditis)
  orbital fracture, dental infection

Question 26

color vision is determined by ….?

Answer 26

the relative responses of photoreceptors based on the number of photons absorbed

-wavelength determines the probability the photon is absorbed by photopigment w/in photoreceptor

• color vision is based on the relative responses of different photoreceptors based on the number of photons each absorbed

Question 27

what is the principle of univariance?

Answer 27

once photon is absorbed, all info regarding the wavelength of the photon is lost.

therefore, a single photoreceptor cannot discriminate btw colors as it cannot distinguish btw the intensity of different photons.

Question 28

what is the MOST common benign orbital tumor in children ?

Answer 28

Capillary hemangioma
- cause proptosis
- deprivation amblyopia

Question 29

what is the most common benign orbital tumor in adults?

Answer 29

cavernous hemangioma

Question 30

what is the most common secondary orbital malignancy in children?

Answer 30

neuroblastoma

Question 31

what is the most common primary pediatric orbital malignancy?

Answer 31

rhabdomyosarcoma