Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Fundamentals of Nursing in the Context of the Older Adult > Mobility, Safety, Transfers, Hygiene > Flashcards

Mobility, Safety, Transfers, Hygiene Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Nursing Mental Health flashcards Nursing Management of Care flashcards NCLEX-PN® flashcards NCLEX-RN® flashcards Nursing Fundamentals flashcards Nursing Pediatrics flashcards Nursing Safety & Infection flashcards Nursing Pharmacology flashcards Nursing Maternity flashcards Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP) flashcards
1
Q

Age related factors that affect mobility and safety

A 
decrease in muscle mass, strength, join flexibility 
higher risk of fractures 
decreased bone density 
increased risk of falling 
osteoarthritis 
rheumatoid arthritis 
increased immobility effects
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The nurse should intervene to prevent _____________

A

functional decline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the most prevalent metabolic disease of the bone ?

A

Osteoporosis- primarily affecting adults in middle to later life.
Decreased bone mass and density
can be caused by inadequate calcium intake, excessive calcium loss, poor calcium absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is osteoarthritis ?

A

The progressive deterioration and abrasion of join cartilage with the formation of new bone at the joint surfaces.
Primarily affects weight bearing joints

It is the leading cause of physical disability in older people.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is rheumatoid arthritis?

A

Affects the joints- projections of synovial tissue protrude into the joint cavity. Affected joints are extremely painful, stiff, swollen, red and warm to the touch. joint pain present during rest and activity

systemic symptoms include fatigue, malaise, weakness, weight loss, wasting, fever and anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Consequences of immobility

A

reduced pulse rate
increased cardiac workload
decreased chest expansion and ventilation
slower GI motility
slower metabolism and lymphatic circulation

increased risk of complications

  • pressure ulcers
    obesity
    incontinence
    joint stiffness, limited range of motion

increased dependency
reduced opportunities for socialization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is sarcopenia ?

A

a decline in walking speed and grip strength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Discuss the age related changes in gait

A

↓ efficiency = More energy expended
↑ fatigue

Sensory changes may decrease balance
Potential for postural hypotension (orthostatic hypotension)
Nervous system changes: Slower reflexes/reaction time, Slower response to changes in balance
↓ step height

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What environmental factors in a home can increase the risk for falls?

A 
Lighting
Temperature
Colors
Scents
Floor coverings
Furniture
Sensory Stimulation
Bathroom Hazards
Fire Hazards
Psychosocial Considerations
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

______________ factors and ______________ factors = falls

A

Intrinsic and Extrinsic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Can the four siderails on a patient bed ever be put up ?

A

NOOOOOO! This is considered a restraint…. having 2 or 3 is fine though

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Interventions to Prevent Falls in acute care setting

A 
bed rails 
bed lowered to lowest position 
remove clutter 
keep sensory aids close by 
non slip socks

Assess!
Educate !

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which position promotes maximal breathing in the thoracic cavity ?

A

Fowlers position. It is the position of choice when someone is having difficulty breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which position is contraindicated in patients who have spinal problems?

A

Prone position - the pull of gravity on the spine when the patient lies prone produces a marked lordosis or forward curvature of the lumbar spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Connection between mobility and social activity

A

Being mobile and physically active can be a means of increasing social activity.
Being immobile can ability to engage in social activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Multiple health problems can be avoided when an active state is maintained. What are some of these conditions ?

A

Atherosclerosis, obesity, joint immobility, depression, constipation, pressure ulcers, pneumonia, insomnia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Active Mobility =

A

avoidance of multiple health problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Nursing interventions to focus on regarding mobility

A

The nurse should act to prevent functional decline while promoting safety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Activities of Daily Living Include

A

Eating, Dressing, Mobility, Continence, Toileting and Hygiene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Difference Between Active Exercise and Passive Exercise and Active Assistive

A

Active Exercise - patient acts independently
Active Assistive - patient acts with assistance
Passive - no active involvement of the patient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Benefits of Range of Motion Exercises

A

Prevention of Contractures, Improved Joint mobility, stronger muscles, stimulation of circulation, maintenance of functional capacity

ROM seeks to maintain and promote normal functioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is most important when assessing joints ?

A

Assessing their ROM , especially the effect any impaired ROM will have on completing ADLs

23
Q

Flexion

A

Bending

24
Q

Extension

A

Straightening

25
Q

Hyperextension

A

extending beyond normal range

26
Q

Adduction

A

Moving toward body

27
Q

Abduction

A

moving away from body

28
Q

Physiological Consequences of Immobility

A

reduced Pulse Rate and increased cardiac workload
Decreased Aerobic Capacity
Decreased chest expansion and ventilation
decreased gastrointestinal motility
reduced muscle strength, tone and endurance
and joint mobility
Demineralization of bones, increased ease of fractures
slower metabolism and lymphatic circulation

29
Q

You are performing ROM motion exercises when you notice that the patient is becoming increasingly exerted - what signs would warrant stopping an exercise ?

A

Dyspnea, pallor, cyanosis
resting pulse > 100 bpm
dizziness, poor coordination
acute confusion, restlessness
diaphoresis
increase or decrease in systolic BP by 20 mm Hg
an exercise heart rate greater than or equal to 35% above the resting heart rate

30
Q

Effects of aging on muscles

A

Decline in the number and size of muscle fibers and subsequent reduction in muscle mass decrease the body strength
Grip strength endurance declines
Connective Tissue changes reduce the flexibility of joints and muscles

31
Q

Cardiovascular effects of immobility

A 
Increased BP 
Reduced Pulse Rate 
Increase Risk for Orthostatic hypotension
Increased Cardiac Workload 
Increased Risk for Venous thrombosis
32
Q

Nursing Interventions to Prevent Cardiovascular Complications

A

Anti Embolism Devices

33
Q

Aging effects on joints

A

Reduced mobility because of wear and tear, degeneration of collagen
loss of cartilage, decreased synovial fluid, decreased ROM

34
Q

Decreased Mobility equals

A

Increased Dependency

35
Q

Risk factors for Osteoporosis

A 
Gender: Women > 65 years,  Men > 80 years
80% of cases occur in women and 
20% of cases occur in men
Ethnicity: White women, Asian women
and/or small framed, thin women
Calcium deficiency
Vitamin D deficiency
Estrogen deficiency, early menopause
Cigarette smoking, high ETOH consumption
Immobility
Family history
Diseases or chronic use of drugs that ↑ bone loss
36
Q

Interventions for Osteoporosis

A

Focus on modifiable risk factors
What can you control?
Diet, supplements, social habits

Regular exercise
Weight bearing
Swimming
Medication
Dexa Scan
37
Q

“Secondary to “

A

Caused by something else

Osteoporosis secondary to Cushings Syndrome

38
Q

Primary and Secondary Osteoporosis

A

Primary Osteoporosis - of unknown cause

Secondary Osteoporosis - has a direct cause, such as calcium deficiency

39
Q

What is the leading cause of physical disability in older people ?

A

Osteoarthritis

40
Q

Osteoarthritis primarily affects which joints ?

A

Weight bearing joints-

Hip, knee, vertebrae, fingers

41
Q

What is osteoarthritis ?

A

the progressive degeneration and abrasion of joint cartilage and the formation of new bone at the joint surfaces

42
Q

Osteoarthritis affects most people to some extent over ….

A

age 55

43
Q

Risk factors for Osteoarthritis

A 
Age 
Gender - occurs in women more than men 
Excessive use of the joint
Trauma
Obesity
Vitamin D deficiency
Vitamin C deficiency
Genetic factors
44
Q

Nursing Interventions for Osteoarthritis

A

Focus on modifiable risk factors
What can you control?
Diet, supplements, social habits

Exercise: low impact

Pain Management
Medication
Heat/ice therapy
Gentle massage
Aquatherapy 
T'ai Chi
Acupuncture

Surgical intervention
Arthroplasty

45
Q

What is arthroplasty ?

A

Joint replacement surgery

Can be done to relieve joint pain, restore joint motion and improve function

46
Q

In older patients, arthroplasty is associated with a higher risk of ……………
what medication can be used against this ?

A

deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism

Warfarin can be used prophylactically

47
Q

Unrelieved pain can

A

interfere with older persons abilities to engage in self care, manage their households and maintain social contact

48
Q

What is a muscle spasm?

A

Involuntary Contraction of muscle started by Nervous system due to overstimulation of muscles

  • over exertion, not drinking enough water, not getting enough calcium, overstretching
49
Q

What can be done to relieve or prevent muscle spasms?

A

Drink adequate amounts of water, replenish electrolytes

Use heat to relieve spasms - warm bath, keeping extremities warm at night with blankets and clothing

50
Q

What can be done to relieve joint pain in the weight bearing joints ?

A

Resting those joints, supporting painful joints during transfers and using a walker or cane
Diversional activities to prevent preoccupation with pain - guided imagery, therapeutic touch, acupuncture, chiropractic therapy

51
Q

Nursing Management: Musculoskeletal Conditions

A 
Promote Pain Relief/Management  
Promote/Retain Independence 
Prevent Injury and Maintain Safety 
Provide Support 
Collaborate with Interdisciplinary Team Members
52
Q

Gout

A

Metabolic disorder in which excess uric acid accumulates in the blood; as a result uric acid crystals are deposited in and around the joints causing severe pain and tenderness of the joint and warmth, redness, and swelling of the surrounding tissue

53
Q

Guidelines for Safe Patient Handling and Movement

A

Know patients limitations and impairments
assess ability to assist in movement
Use assistive devices when necessary
remove clutter and clear path for movement
Have a plan for moving the patient
explain the plan to the patient and allow them to assist however much they can to promote independence
If patient is in pain, administer prescribed analgesic before transfer
Elevate bed to work at a comfortable height for you
lock wheels of the bed, wheelchair or stretcher so they do not slide
use good body mechanics when moving a patient
Be sure patient is in good body alignment
support patients body properly, avoid grabbing and holding an extremity by its muscles
use friction reducing devices, especially during lateral transfers
move your body and the patient in a smooth, rhythmic motion
use mechanical devices such as lifts, slides, transfer chairs or gait belts for moving patients - if you don’t know how to use something, obtain assistance from someone who does
assure equipment meets weight requirements - bariatric patients (BMI>50) require bariatric transfer aids and equipment

Fundamentals of Nursing in the Context of the Older Adult (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions