Asepsis Flashcards

1
Q

What is a pathogen? What is virulence?

A

A disease causing microorganism.

Virulence is the pathogens ability to cause disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the steps of the chain of infection ?

A
  1. Infectious Agent
  2. Reservoir
  3. Portal of Exit
  4. Means of Transmission
  5. Portal of entry
  6. Susceptible Host
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Difference between airborne and droplet routes.

A

These are two ways in which microorganisms can spread. They can spread through airborne routes such as when coughing, sneezing, talking or when it becomes attached to dust particles.

Droplet routes can be the same.

The main difference between airborne and droplet is the size of the particles.
Airborne droplets are less than 5 mcm
Droplet particles are greater than 5 mcm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Droplet particles are _______________ mcm in size.

A

greater than 5 mcm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the stages of infection?

A

Incubation Period- time between microbes portal of entry and the appearance of symptoms
Prodromal Stage- vague/nonspecific symptoms but person is most infectious during this stage
Full Stage of Illness- specific signs and symptoms develop, localized or systemic symptoms
Convalescent Period - the recovery period from the infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the cardinal signs of acute infection ?

A

Redness, heat, swelling and pain, and loss of function, usually appearing at the site of injury or inflammation
The vascular and cellular response of the inflammatory response are responsible for these symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Characteristics of exudate

A

Exudate from a wound may be clear (serous), contain red blood cells (sanguinous) or contain pus (purulent)
amount of exudate depends on the size and location of the wound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Difference between a localized and systemic infection

A

Localized stays within a certain area of the body

systemic affects multiple body systems and is not limited to one area of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Manifestations of a localized infection

A

Redness, swelling, loss of function in infected area, warmth in infected area, pain or tenderness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Manifestations of a systemic infection

A

Fever, often accompanied by an increase in pulse and respiratory rate, lethargy, anorexia, and tenderness and enlargement of lymph nodes that drain the area when an infection is present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The focus of nursing care depends on a _______________ __ that accurately reflects the patients condition.

A

Nursing diagnosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Asepsis includes all activities …………….

A

to prevent infection or break the chain of infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Medical asepsis is known as ________________ and strives to _________________

A

clean technique; decrease the number and transfer of pathogens.
Hand hygiene and wearing gloves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Surgical Asepsis is known as _____________ and strives to ________________

A

sterile technique; eliminate the presence of pathogens/microorganisms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

A nurse practicing medical asepsis should clean the _______________ soiled areas first and then the ______________ soiled areas.

A

least; more

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

examples of Personal protective technique that are transmission barriers

A

gloves, gowns, masks, protective eyewear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the five moments of hand hygiene?

A
Before touching a patient 
After touching a patient 
before a clean or aseptic procedure 
after a body fluid or exposure risk 
after touching patient surroundings 

Boxes Are Best After Awhile.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

CDC isolation precautions include

A

Airborne
Droplet
Contact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

CLABSIs

A

Central Line Associated Bloodstream Infections

20
Q

CAUTIs

A

Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infections

21
Q

An organisms potential to produce disease in a person depends on what factors ?

A

of microorganisms
Virulence of microbe
strength of the immune system
length and intimacy of the contract between the person and the microbe

22
Q

HAIs

A

Health Care Associated Infections

23
Q

Which age groups are more vulnerable to infection ?

A

neonates and older adults

24
Q

Atypical Symptoms indicating a change in patient status and possible infection

A

Confusion
Lethargy
Anorexia

25
The older adult and the factors leading to a greater risk of pulmonary infections
Decreased cough reflex Abnormal swallowing reflex Decreased elastic recoil of lungs and cilia
26
Risk factors of urinary tract infections in the older adult
decreased sphincter control, incomplete bladder emptying, estrogen and prostate changes
27
Risk factors of skin infections in the older adult
Increased skin dryness, thinning of epidermis, loss of elasticity slow cell replacement, decreased vascular supply
28
What is immunosenescence ?
Age associated changes in the immune system
29
Airborne Precautions would be used for what diseases
``` Tuberculosis Measles Varicella (Chickenpox) SARS Novel airborne disease Shingles ```
30
Airborne precautions include
washing hands or using hand sanitizer before and after all patient care placing patient in negative pressure room wearing an N95 respirator
31
Correct order of removing PPE
Gloves first, goggles, gown and mask
32
Rubeola - airborne, droplet or contact
Measles - airborne
33
Varicella -airborne, droplet or contact
Chicken Pox - airborne
34
Tuberculosis airborne, droplet or contact
Airborne
35
SARS - airborne, droplet or contact
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome - airborne
36
Patient has tuberculosis - what PPE do I need to wear ?
Mask is absolute because TB is spread through the air - N95 mask
37
Rubella -airborne, droplet or contact
Droplet precautions
38
Mumps - airborne, droplet or contact
Droplet
39
Diphtheria airborne, droplet or contact
Droplet
40
Adenovirus airborne, droplet or contact
Droplet
41
Clostridium Difficile - airborne, droplet or contact
Contact | C Diff is a Multidrug Resistant Organism
42
MDRO
Multi Drug Resistant Organism
43
Procedures requiring surgical asepsis
Inserting a Urinary catheter, administering injectable medications, sterile wound dressing changes
44
What are the five moments for hand hygiene?
``` Before Touching a Patient After Touching a patient Before surgical or aseptic procedure After contact with patient surroundings After a body fluid exposure risk ```
45
Who are those most at risk of C. Diff infections and possible C. Diff related death?
Older adults who are receiving medical care and taking antibiotics
46
C. Diff Infection Symptoms
Watery Diarrhea, Fever, Mild Abdominal Cramping
47
Reservoirs for C. Diff
Both symptomatic and asymptomatic people, as well as surfaces or objects contaminated with feces