Asepsis Flashcards
What is a pathogen? What is virulence?
A disease causing microorganism.
Virulence is the pathogens ability to cause disease
What are the steps of the chain of infection ?
- Infectious Agent
- Reservoir
- Portal of Exit
- Means of Transmission
- Portal of entry
- Susceptible Host
Difference between airborne and droplet routes.
These are two ways in which microorganisms can spread. They can spread through airborne routes such as when coughing, sneezing, talking or when it becomes attached to dust particles.
Droplet routes can be the same.
The main difference between airborne and droplet is the size of the particles.
Airborne droplets are less than 5 mcm
Droplet particles are greater than 5 mcm
Droplet particles are _______________ mcm in size.
greater than 5 mcm
What are the stages of infection?
Incubation Period- time between microbes portal of entry and the appearance of symptoms
Prodromal Stage- vague/nonspecific symptoms but person is most infectious during this stage
Full Stage of Illness- specific signs and symptoms develop, localized or systemic symptoms
Convalescent Period - the recovery period from the infection
What are the cardinal signs of acute infection ?
Redness, heat, swelling and pain, and loss of function, usually appearing at the site of injury or inflammation
The vascular and cellular response of the inflammatory response are responsible for these symptoms
Characteristics of exudate
Exudate from a wound may be clear (serous), contain red blood cells (sanguinous) or contain pus (purulent)
amount of exudate depends on the size and location of the wound
Difference between a localized and systemic infection
Localized stays within a certain area of the body
systemic affects multiple body systems and is not limited to one area of the body
Manifestations of a localized infection
Redness, swelling, loss of function in infected area, warmth in infected area, pain or tenderness
Manifestations of a systemic infection
Fever, often accompanied by an increase in pulse and respiratory rate, lethargy, anorexia, and tenderness and enlargement of lymph nodes that drain the area when an infection is present
The focus of nursing care depends on a _______________ __ that accurately reflects the patients condition.
Nursing diagnosis
Asepsis includes all activities …………….
to prevent infection or break the chain of infection
Medical asepsis is known as ________________ and strives to _________________
clean technique; decrease the number and transfer of pathogens.
Hand hygiene and wearing gloves
Surgical Asepsis is known as _____________ and strives to ________________
sterile technique; eliminate the presence of pathogens/microorganisms.
A nurse practicing medical asepsis should clean the _______________ soiled areas first and then the ______________ soiled areas.
least; more
examples of Personal protective technique that are transmission barriers
gloves, gowns, masks, protective eyewear
What are the five moments of hand hygiene?
Before touching a patient After touching a patient before a clean or aseptic procedure after a body fluid or exposure risk after touching patient surroundings
Boxes Are Best After Awhile.
CDC isolation precautions include
Airborne
Droplet
Contact
CLABSIs
Central Line Associated Bloodstream Infections
CAUTIs
Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infections
An organisms potential to produce disease in a person depends on what factors ?
of microorganisms
Virulence of microbe
strength of the immune system
length and intimacy of the contract between the person and the microbe
HAIs
Health Care Associated Infections
Which age groups are more vulnerable to infection ?
neonates and older adults
Atypical Symptoms indicating a change in patient status and possible infection
Confusion
Lethargy
Anorexia
The older adult and the factors leading to a greater risk of pulmonary infections
Decreased cough reflex
Abnormal swallowing reflex
Decreased elastic recoil of lungs and cilia
Risk factors of urinary tract infections in the older adult
decreased sphincter control, incomplete bladder emptying, estrogen and prostate changes
Risk factors of skin infections in the older adult
Increased skin dryness, thinning of epidermis,
loss of elasticity
slow cell replacement, decreased vascular supply
What is immunosenescence ?
Age associated changes in the immune system
Airborne Precautions would be used for what diseases
Tuberculosis Measles Varicella (Chickenpox) SARS Novel airborne disease Shingles
Airborne precautions include
washing hands or using hand sanitizer before and after all patient care
placing patient in negative pressure room
wearing an N95 respirator
Correct order of removing PPE
Gloves first, goggles, gown and mask
Rubeola - airborne, droplet or contact
Measles - airborne
Varicella -airborne, droplet or contact
Chicken Pox - airborne
Tuberculosis airborne, droplet or contact
Airborne
SARS - airborne, droplet or contact
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome - airborne
Patient has tuberculosis - what PPE do I need to wear ?
Mask is absolute because TB is spread through the air - N95 mask
Rubella -airborne, droplet or contact
Droplet precautions
Mumps - airborne, droplet or contact
Droplet
Diphtheria airborne, droplet or contact
Droplet
Adenovirus airborne, droplet or contact
Droplet
Clostridium Difficile - airborne, droplet or contact
Contact
C Diff is a Multidrug Resistant Organism
MDRO
Multi Drug Resistant Organism
Procedures requiring surgical asepsis
Inserting a Urinary catheter, administering injectable medications, sterile wound dressing changes
What are the five moments for hand hygiene?
Before Touching a Patient After Touching a patient Before surgical or aseptic procedure After contact with patient surroundings After a body fluid exposure risk
Who are those most at risk of C. Diff infections and possible C. Diff related death?
Older adults who are receiving medical care and taking antibiotics
C. Diff Infection Symptoms
Watery Diarrhea, Fever, Mild Abdominal Cramping
Reservoirs for C. Diff
Both symptomatic and asymptomatic people, as well as surfaces or objects contaminated with feces
