Mobility & Fractures/Sprains

Question 1

Sprain def & signs

Answer 1

Injury to ligaments & tendons around a joint (cam cause joint instability).

Inflammation & bruises/echymosis

Question 2

How to treat sprains

Answer 2

Rest
Ice: 20min off, 20min on.
Compression: for swelling (SNUG not tight - must fit 2 fingers under wrap).
Elevate: higher than hip level, helps venous return which lowers pressure.

Grade III could use a splint/brace/cast to protect joint stability.

Question 3

Closed/open fracture & treatment

Answer 3

C: Simple fracture, no break in the skin.
Manual traction & manipulation

O: Compound/Complex fracture, open skin. Needs surgery to open area and secure with internal fixations (pins, wires). INFECTION RISK.

Question 4

Risk factors for fractures

Answer 4

Osteoporosis
Slowed reflexes
Poor vision
Bad balance
Age-related frailty
Cognitive impairment

Question 5

How to prevent mobility issues?

Answer 5

Exercise, normal weight, good nutrition
Rest
Safe environment

Question 6

How to use a cane?

Answer 6

Hold it on opposite side that needs support. Move and put pressure on the cane & weak leg at the same time

Question 7

3 secondary prevention for mobility

Answer 7

Osteoporosis screening
Mobility screening
Fall risk assessment

Question 8

Consequences of immobility

Answer 8

Depression
GI/GU (constipation & urine retention)
Skin breakdown
Bone demineralization
Joint contractures
Muscle mass reduction/atrophy.
Low lung expansion + atelectasis + secretion build-up (crackles).
Low cardiac capacity + othrostatic hypotension + DVT + venous stasis.

Question 9

Best way to prevent arthritis?

Answer 9

MOVE to prevent altered mobility from joint problems.
Moving churns the joint synovial fluid!

Even just slowly contracting and relaxing muslces.

Question 10

1 cause of impaired mobility

Answer 10

Joint pain/problems (like osteo arthritis)

Question 11

Synarthrosis

Answer 11

Non-movable joints (fibrous)

Question 12

Amphiarthrosis

Answer 12

Slightly movable joint (cartilaginous)

Question 13

Diarthrosis

Answer 13

Freely movable joints (synovial)

Question 14

Frontal lobe…
Cerebellum…

Answer 14

Frontal lobe… voluntary movements.
Cerebellum… coordinates movement, equilibrium, muscle tone, and proprioception.

Question 15

Fractures:
Greenstick
Comminuted
Transverse

Answer 15

Greenstick: under 10yrs old, only one side of the bone cracks.
Comminuted: breaks into more than 2 pieces.
Transverse: horizontal break

Question 16

Inflammation grades

Answer 16

I: mild pain
II: severe pain, abn joint
III: ecchymosis, partial loss of joint function, more pain w/motion