MOA Table 1 Flashcards
What are 4 antimicrobial drugs?
Amoxicillin
Cephalexin
Oxytetracycline
Interferon
What is amoxicillins mode of action?
-inhibits the synthesis of a layer of the bacterial cell wall during cell division which is essential for bacterial survival
-the dividing bacterium are unable to maintain osmotic pressure and swell and eventually rupture
-bacteriocidal, kills bacteria
What are amoxicillin side effects?
-hypersensitivity causing skin rashes, itching, fever and swelling
-should not be used in small herbivores
What is cephalexin mode of action?
-interrupts bacterial wall synthesis leading to bacterial lysis and cell death
-bacteriocidal, kills bacteria
What are cephalexin side effects?
-hypersensitivity causing skin rashes, itching, fever and swelling
What is oxytetracycline mode of action?
-drug is absorbed by bacteria and inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to ribosomes thereby preventing multiplication and growth
-bacteriostatic, prevents multiplication
What are oxytetracycline side effects?
-depresses bone growth
-causes yellow discolouration of young animals
What is interferon mode of action?
-inhibits viral replication by interfering with the transcription of viral nucleic acid and inducing the formation of antiviral proteins
What are 3 anti-inflammatory drugs?
Meloxicam
Carprofen
Prednisolone
What is Meloxicam mode of action?
-the drug reduces inflammation by inhibiting production of COX-1 and COX-2 prostaglandins, but is more selective for COX-2
-helps reduce the potential for damage to the GI tract and kidneys
What is Meloxicam uses?
-anti-inflammatory
-anti-pyretic
-analgesic
What are Meloxicam side effects?
-anorexia
-vomiting
-diarrhoea
-can affect liver and kidneys
-oral preps given with food to reduce potential GI upset
What is carprofen mode of action?
-drug reduces inflammation by inhibiting production of COX-1 and COX-2 prostaglandins, but more selective for COX-2
-helps reduce potential for damage to GI tract and kidneys
What is carprofen uses?
-chronic inflammation
-analgesia
What are carprofen side effects?
-anorexia
-vomiting
-diarrhoea
What is prednisolone mode of action?
-enters the cell nucleus and alters gene expression in the cell leading to inhibition of the production of inflammatory mediators
What is prednisolone uses?
-severe allergic reactions
-asthma
-immune mediated disease
What are prednisolone side effects?
-increased drinking and urination
-weight gain
-anorexia
-vomiting
-diarrhoea
What are 3 anti-parasitic drugs?
Fenbendazole
Praziquantel
Fipronil
What is fenbendazole mode of action?
-drug binds to nematode tubulin and interferes cell processes, organelle formations nd with the carbohydrate (energy) metabolism of the nematode
-effectively starves the nematode
What is praziquantel mode of action?
-drug acts on the worm as depolarising neuromuscular blocking agents
-causes contraction of the worm musculature followed by paralysis
-the animal is then able to expel the worm from the GI tract
What is fipronil mode of action?
-the drug binds to parasite GABA receptors blocking glutamate chloride channels
-this removes inhibition to nerve firing in the parasite causing death on contact
What is the purpose of vaccines?
-provides immunity to the susceptible animal by introducing a disrupted and harmless version of the pathogen into the body
What response do vaccines stimulate?
-stimulates the defence system to produce an immune response in the absence of clinical disease, however it may not completely protect the animal
