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Frcpath Part 1 > MOA of Drugs and SE > Flashcards

MOA of Drugs and SE Flashcards

1
Q

Cyclophosphamide

A

Alkylating agent: Cross links DNA to impede marrow formation

SE: marrow aphasia, haemorrhagic cystitis, cardiomyopathy and hair loss

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2
Q

Chlorambucil

A

Alkylating agent: cross links DNA to impede RNA formation

SEs: marrow aphasia, hepatic toxicity, dermatitis, alopecia

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3
Q

Busulphan

A

Alkylating agent: cross links DNA to impede RNA formation

SEs: marrow aphasia, pulmonary fibrosis, hyperpigmentation, seizures, hepatic toxicity and alopecia

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4
Q

Melphalan

A

Alkylating agent: cross links DNA to impede RNA formation

SEs: marrow aphasia, alopecia

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5
Q

Bendamustine

A

Alkylating agent: cross links DNA to impede RNA formation.
Also purine nucleoside analogue

SE: myelosuppression

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6
Q

Hudroxycarbamide

A

Antimetabolite: inhibitor ribonucleotide reductase

SE: pigmentation, nail dystrophy, skin keratosis, epitheliomas.

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7
Q

Methotrexate

A

Antimetabolite: inhibit pyramidine or purine synthesis or incorporation into dna

SEs: mouth ulcers, gut toxicity

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8
Q

Cytosine arabinoside/cytarabine (ara-c)

A

Antimetabolite: inhibits dna synthesis

SEs: cerebellar toxicity and conjunctivitis

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9
Q

6 mercaptopurine/thioguanine

A

Antimetabolite: purine analogue

SEs: jaundice and gut toxicity

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10
Q

Clofarabine

A

Antimetabolite: purine analogue

SEs: myelosupression

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11
Q

Fludarabine, 2-CDA, deoxycoformycin (pentostatin)

A

Antimetabolite: purine analogues: inhibit adenosine deaminase or purine Pathways

SEs: immunsupression (low CD4 counts), renal and neurotoxicity

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12
Q

Daunorubicin, idarubicin, mitoxantrone

A

Cytotoxic antibiotics: Anthracyclines
Bind DNA and interfere with mitosis

SEs: cardiac toxicity and hair loss

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13
Q

Bleomycin

A

Cytotoxic antibiotics: inducer DNA breaks

SEs: pulmonary fibrosis, skin pigmentation

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14
Q

Amasacrine (m-AMSA)

A

Cytotoxic antibiotics: topoisomerase inhibitor

SEs: hair loss and mucositis

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15
Q

Vincristine and vinblastine

A

Cytotoxic antibiotics: spindle damage

SEs: neuropathy (peripheral/bladder/gut)

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16
Q

Etoposide

A

Cytotoxic antibiotics: mitotic inhibitor

SEs: hair loss and oral ulceration

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17
Q

Azacitidine and decitabine

A

Epigenetic modifier: hypomethylating agent
Inhibit DNA methyltransferase

SEs: myelosuppression and injection site reactions

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18
Q

Pabinostat and romidepsin

A

Epigenetic modifier: histone deacetylase

SEs: fatigue and thrombocytopaenia

19
Q

Imatinib, dasatinib, nilotunib, bosutinib, ponatinib, asciminib

A

Signal transduction inhibitors: inihibiy ABL tyrosine kinase

SEs: myelosuppression, fluid retention, pancreatitis, GI disturbance, thrombosis (ponatonib

20
Q

Midostaurin, gilteritnib, crenolanib, quizartinib, sorafenib

A

Signal transduction inhibitors: Flt3 kinase inhibitor

SEs: myelosuppression, GI upset and QTc prolongation

21
Q

Ibrutinib, acalbrutinib, zanabrutinib

A

Signal transduction inhibitors: BTK protein inhibitor

SEs: bleeding, disease flare, arrhythmias/AF

22
Q

Idelalisib, duvelisib, copanlisib

A

Signal transduction inhibitors: inhibit PI3K delta

SEs: colitis, atrial dysrhythmias

23
Q

Ruxolitinib, pacritnib, fedratinib, momelitnib

A

Signal transduction inhibitors: inhibit JAK2

SEs: marrow suppression anaemia/thrombocytopenia, cytokine storm on withdrawal

24
Q

Crizotinib

A

Signal transduction inhibitors: inhibit ALK

SEs: visual disturbance, hepatic enzyme elevation, GI effects

25
Q

Gladesgib

A

Signal transduction inhibitors: inhibit hedgehog pathway

SEs: marrow suppression, myalgia, nausea, embryo-fetal toxicity

26
Q

ATRA

A

Induces differentiation

SEs: deranged LFTs, pleural effusion, differentiation syndrome, leucocytosis

27
Q

Arsenic trioxide

A

Induces differentiation or apoptosis

SEs: prolonged qtc, neuropathy, deranged lfts, hyperleucocytosis

28
Q

A- interferon

A

ActIvation of RNAase and natural killer activity

SEs: flu like symptoms thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, weight loss

29
Q

Enasidenib, ivosidenib

A

Inhibit mutated Isometric dehydrogenase (IDHI)

SEs: differentiation syndrome, cytopaenias

30
Q

Venetoclax

A

Inhibit BCL2 signalling

SEs: tumour lysis, QTc

31
Q

Omacetaxine

A

Inhibits protein translation

SEs: injection site reactions, GI effects, myelosuppression

32
Q

Bortezemib, ixazomib, carfilozomib

A

Proteosome inhibitor

SEs: neuropathy

33
Q

L asparginase, peg-asparginase

A

Deprive cells of asparginase

SEs: hypersensitivity, low albumin and coagulation factors, pancreatitis

34
Q

Thalidomide, lenalidomide, pomalidomide

A

Immunomodulation, alteration of protein degradation

SEs: neuropathy, constipation, thrombosis, teratogenic

35
Q

Rituximab, ofatumumab, obinutuzumab

A

Anti- CD20 induces apoptosis

SEs: infusion reaction, immunosuppression

36
Q

Alemtuzumab

A

Anti CD52
lysis of target cells by complement fixation

SEs: infusion reactions, immunosuppression

37
Q

Ibritumomab - zevalin

A

Anti-CD20 with Y radioisotope

SEs: myelosuppression, nausea

38
Q

Myelotarg

A

Anti CD33, kills myeloid cells

SEs: myelosuppression, hepatic sinusoidal occlusive syndrome VOD

39
Q

Inotuzumab - besponsa

A

Anti- CD22 kills neoplastic B cells

SEs: CRS, VOD

40
Q

Tagraxofusp - elzonristm

A

Anti CD123 kills myeloid or BPCDN

SEs: oedema, capillary leak syndrome, nausea, fever, hepatotoxicity, hypoalbunaemia, myelosuppression

41
Q

Blinatumomab

A

Bispecific CD20/CD3

SEs: ICANS, CRS

42
Q

Brentuximab

A

Anti CD30

SEs: myelosuppr3ssion, neuropathy

43
Q

Daratumumab

A

Anti- CD38

SEs: infusion reactions, myelosuppression, difficulty matching for transfusion

44
Q

Eltozumab

A

Anti SLAMF7, kills malignant plasma cells

SEs: fatigue, GI effects, neuropathy, myelosuppression

Frcpath Part 1 (6 decks)

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