MOA ABX

Question 1

MOAs (broad)

Answer 1

Inhibitors of CW synthesis

Inhibitors of protein synthesis

Inhibitors of CM fx

Inhibitors of nucleic acid synthesis

Inhibitors of metabolism

Antivirals

Question 2

Inhibits peptidoG synthesis by inhibiting formation of cross links between polymers of CW by binding to PBP

Answer 2

Beta lactam

Ex: penicillin, cephalosporin

Question 3

Acts poorly against GROWING peptidoG

Gram pos efficacy

Low toxicity

Generally bactericidal

Answer 3

Beta lactam

Ex: penicillin, cephalosporin

Question 4

Resistance to beta lactam can occur how?

Answer 4

Change to pores (prevents entrance)

Modified PBP structure(prevents BL binding)

Beta lactamase hydrolysis

Question 5

An inhibitor of CW synthesis

Binds to cross link peptide to prevent elongation (prevent completion)

Answer 5

Vancomycin

Question 6

Inhibitor of CW synthesis

Blocks phospholipid carrier of subunits

Answer 6

Bacitracin

Question 7

Inhibitor of CW synthesis

Inhibits mycolic acid formation

Answer 7

Isoniazid (INH)

Question 8

Inhibitors of Cell Wall Syntheis mnemonic

Answer 8

Vanco
Beta lactam
Isoniazid
Bacitracin

Question 9

Inhibitors of protein synthesis

Answer 9

Chloramphenicol/Clinda
Macrolides
Aminoglycosides
Tetracyclines

Question 10

Inhibits polypeptide elongation by binding to 50s (blocks peptide bond formation)

Bacteriostatic

Broad-spec

Resistance can result from chemical change in abx or ribosomal subunit

Answer 10

Chloramphenicol

Clindamycin

Question 11

Binds to 50s subunit

Prevents translocation

Answer 11

Macrolide

Question 12

Inhibit translation by binding to 30s= misreading & incomplete synthesis

Bactericidal

Broad spectrum (used moreso on Gram Neg)

Resistance is from enzymatic alteration of abx

Answer 12

Aminoglycoside

Question 13

Blocks binding of tRNA to 30S complex

Bacteristatic

Broad spectrum

Resistance from abx efflux or protective proteins from bacteria

Answer 13

Tetracyclines

Question 14

Inhibitors of cell membrane fx

Answer 14

Polymyxin

Amphotericin B

Question 15

Disrupts functional integrity of CM (detergent-like)

Answer 15

Cell membrane function inhibitors

Question 16

Inhibitor of cell membrane function

Active against gram neg

Nephrotoxic (external use)

Answer 16

Polymyxin

Question 17

Inhibitor of cell membrane function

Antifungal

Binds with ergosterol (in fungal membrane)

Somewhat toxic

Answer 17

Amphotericin B (a polyene)

Question 18

Inhibitors of nucleic acid synthesis

Competitive inhibition of essential nucleic acid precursor/enzyme (e.g., binds to DNA gyrase )

Answer 18

Metronidazole
Rifampin
Flucytosine
Quinolones/Fluoroquinolones
Nucleoside Analogues

Question 19

Inhibit DNA gyrase

Answer 19

Quinolones

Fluoroquinolones

Question 20

Binds to RNA polymerase (inhibits TRANSCRIPTION)

Slightly antiviral (action is on RNA)

Answer 20

Rifampin

Question 21

Causes breakage of microbial DNA

Bacterial and parasitic

Answer 21

Metronidazole

Question 22

Antiviral

Inhibit DNA or RNA synthesis by altering their composition using nucleic acid analogues (similar structure but inactivate DNA/RNA)

Answer 22

Nucleoside Analogue

E.g., acyclovir

Question 23

Interferes with fungal DNA by incorporating into its RNA

Answer 23

Flutocytosine, 5-flurocytsine

Question 24

Inhibitors of bacteria metabolism

Antimetabolites

Answer 24

Sulfonamides
Azoles
Trimethoprim

Question 25

Inhibits folic acid synthesis by competing for precursor molecules

Answer 25

Sulfonamides

Question 26

Competitively interferes with folic acid production by inhibiting a metabolic enzymes

Answer 26

Trimethoprim

Question 27

Antifungal

Inhibits synthesis of ergosterol

Answer 27

Azoles (fluconazole)