Mo's and Hybridisation

Question 1

When drawing Mo’s how to determine what will be of higher energy in P orbital: sigma or pi?

Answer 1

whether Z avg is greater than 8 or if theres an stron electronegativity.
(Usual call it saying sigma lower than pi)
If less than 8 then pi will be lower.

Question 2

The more electronegative the atom:

Answer 2

the lower then energy of the orbitals (more energy required to remove electrons so more -)

Question 3

Hybridisation for MO’s

Answer 3

From VB theory determine hybridisation the draw this orbital where it will be energy wise and draw in diagram.

Question 4

non- bonding orbitals

Answer 4

Will be the same energy as there atomic orbitals as energy will not be lowered unless there are interactions between other orbitals.

Question 5

For hybridisation schemes:

Answer 5

Draw out electron arrangement on either side and work out hybridisation required, double bond etc.

Question 6

Bond character:

Answer 6

The more S a bond is the stronger (50/50 S/P etc.)

Question 7

Overlap for Homo and Lumo

Answer 7

Larger orbitals on side which is closer in energy to that orbital.