Acids etc

Question 1

Condition for assuming the volume of acid at equilibrium will be equal to intial:

Answer 1

400Ka<[Ha]o, then do Ka arrangement.

Question 2

What happens if we cannot say HA= Hao

Answer 2

Use ICE table to determine - x and solve via quadratics.

Question 3

For polyprotic acid calculations

Answer 3

Make assumptions based on order of K values and work through system by drawing out all the equilibriums.

Question 4

Buffer solution equation

Answer 4

pH = pKa + log10(salt/acid)

Question 5

Why is polyprotic acid a good buffer

Answer 5

Many equivalence points

Question 6

What is a buffer

Answer 6

A mixture of a weak acid and its conjugate base, draw out equilibria to explain

Question 7

What is solvent system?

Answer 7

Any solute that increases the concentration of the cation generated by auto-ionization of the solvent is defined as an acid and any that increases the concentration of the corresponding anion is defined as a base.

Question 8

What is solvent levelling?

Answer 8

Substances dissolve in a solvent and are therefore soluble within it.
* Solvent levelling is the effect of the solvent on the properties of acids and bases.
* For example, the apparent acidity of a solution is limited by the basicity of the solvent
it is in.
* The strength of acids can effective