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F1 anesthetics > Mnemonics pt.2 > Flashcards

Mnemonics pt.2 Flashcards

1
Q

Causes of pancreatitis

A

I GET SMASHED
Idiopathic
Gallstones
Ethanol
Trauma
Steroids
Mumps/malignancy
Autoimmune disease
Scorpion sting (very rare…)
Hypertriglyceridemia/hypercalcaemia
ERCP (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography)
Drugs: commonly azathioprine, thiazides, septrin, tetracyclines

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2
Q

Conditions associated with celiac disease

A

“I Don’t Take Apples, I Take Oranges”
IgA deficiency
Down’s syndrome
Turner’s syndrome
Autoimmune thyroid disease and autoimmune hepatitis
IgA nephropathy
Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Other autoimmune conditions (e.g. Sjögren’s, myasthenia gravis, Addison’s disease)

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3
Q

Features of myeloma

A

CRAB
HyperCalcaemia
Renal failure
Anaemia
Bone lesions

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4
Q

Vitamin K dependent clotting factors

A

2 + 7 = 9, not 10

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5
Q

Causes of microcytic anaemia

A

TAILS
Thalassemia
Anaemia of chronic disease
Iron deficiency anaemia
Lead poisoning (rare)
Sideroblastic anaemia (rare)

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6
Q

Drugs that decrease the effectiveness of warfarin (decrease INR)

A

PC BRAS
Cytochrome P450 inducers:
Phenytoin
Carbamazepine
Barbiturates
Rifampicin
Alcohol (chronically)
Sulphonylureas

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7
Q

Features of migrane

A

POUND
Pulsating
One to three days duration (4 – 72 hours)
Unilateral
Nausea and/or vomiting
Disabling

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8
Q

Features of Parkinson’s disease

A

SMART
Shuffling gait
Mask facies
Akinesia
Rigidity
Tremor

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9
Q

Features of normal pressure hydrocephalus

A

“Wet, Wobbly and Wacky”
Wet: urinary incontinence
Wobbly: wide-based gait
Wacky: cognitive impairment

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10
Q

Features of limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis

A

CREST
Calcinosis: deposits of calcium in soft tissue
Raynaud’s: characterised by colour change of the hands, initially white (ischaemic change), then purple (deoxygenated blood) then pink (reperfusion)
(o)Esophageal dysmotility: presents as dysphagia most often but there are other oesophageal symptoms
Sclerodactyly: thickening and tightness of the skin of the fingers
Telangiectasia: red spots around the mouth, nose and sometimes the palms, due to dilated capillaries

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11
Q

Features of melanoma

A

ABCDE
Asymmetry
Border irregularity (or poorly defined)
Colour (varying colours)
Diameter (>6mm)
Evolving (changing in size, colour or shape

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12
Q

Causes of delirium

A

PINCH ME
Pain
Infection
Nutrition
Constipation
Hydration
Medication
Environment

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13
Q

Red flags for back pain

A

TUNA FISH
Trauma
Unexplained weight loss
Neurological symptoms / signs
Age > 50
Fever
Intravenous drug use
Steroid use
History of cancer

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14
Q

Reversible causes of cardiac arrest

A

“4Hs and 4Ts”
Hypoxia
Hypokalaemia/hyperkalaemia
Hypothermia/hyperthermia
Hypovolaemia
Tension pneumothorax
Tamponade
Thrombosis
Toxins

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15
Q

Interpreting a CT head

A

“Blood Can Be Very Bad”
Blood
Cisterns
Brain
Ventricles
Bone

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16
Q

Risk factors for suicide

A

SAD PERSONS
Sex (male)
Age (<19 or >45 years)
Depression
Previous attempt
Excess alcohol or substance use
Rational thinking loss
Social support lacking
Organised plan
No spouse
Sickness

17
Q

Features of PTSD

A

HARD
Hyperarousal: persistently heightened perception of current threat (may include enhanced startle reaction)
Avoidance of situations/activities reminiscent of the events, or of thoughts/memories of the events
Re-experiencing the traumatic events (vivid intrusive memories, flashbacks, or nightmares)
Distress: strong/overwhelming fear and physical sensations when re-experiencing

18
Q

Features of croup

A

“Three Ss”
Stridor
Subglottic swelling
Seal like cough

19
Q

Pediatric history

A

BINDS
Birth
Immunisations
Nutrition
Development
Social history

20
Q

Pyloric stenosis

A

“Three Ps”
Palpable mass
Peristalsis visible
Projective vomiting

21
Q

Caues of abdominal distension

A

“The 6Fs”
Fat
Fluid
Flatus
Faeces
Fetus
Fatal mass (ie, malignancy)

22
Q

X ray changes in osteoarthritis

A

LOSS
Loss of joint space
Osteophytes
Subchondral sclerosis
Subchondral cysts

23
Q

Management of soft tissue injuries

A

RICE
Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevation

24
Q

Complications of MI

A

Complications of myocardial infarction (DARTH VADER)
Death
Arrhythmia
Rupture (free ventricular wall/ ventricular septum/ papillary muscles)
Tamponade
Heart failure (acute or chronic)
Valve disease
Aneurysm of ventricle
Dressler’s syndrome
thromboEmbolism (mural thrombus)
Recurrence/ mitral Regurgitation

25
Q

Aspiration of foreign body (which bronchus is more vertical)

A

Inhale a bite, goes down right

26
Q

Features of a life threatening asthma attack

A

A CHEST
Arrhythmia/ Altered conscious level
Cyanosis, PaCO2 normal
Hypotension, Hypoxia (PaO2<8kPa, SpO2 <92%)
Exhaustion
Silent chest
Threatening PEF < 33% best or predicted (in those >5yrs old)

27
Q

Causes of vomiting

A

VOMITING
Vestibular/ Vagal reflex (pain)
Opiates
Migraine/ Metabolic e.g. DKA
Infection
Toxicity (cytotoxic, digoxin)
Increased ICP/ Ingested alcohol
Neurogenic
GI/ Gestation

28
Q

Signs of chronic liver disease

A

ABCDEFGHIJ
Asterixis, Ascites, Ankle oedema, Atrophy of testicles
Bruising
Clubbing/ Colour change of nails (leuconychia)
Dupuytren’s contracture
Encephalopathy / palmar Erythema
Foetor hepaticus
Gynaecomastia
Hepatomegaly
Increase size of parotids
Jaundice

29
Q

Complications of hereditary haemochromatosis (

A

HaemoChromatosis Can Cause Deposits Anywhere
Hypogonadism
Cancer (hepatocellular)
Cirrhosis
Cardiomyopathy
Diabetes mellitus
Arthropathy

30
Q

Pheochromocytoma

A

Rule of 10s
10% extra-abdominal
10% malignant
10% bilateral
10% in children
BUT 30% genetic/syndromic!

31
Q

Symptoms of hyperthyrodism

A

SWEATING
Sweating
Weight loss
Emotional lability
Appetite increased
Tremor/ tachycardia
Intolerance of heat/ Irregular menstruation/ Irritability
Nervousness
Goitre and GI problems (diarrhoea or increase frequency of bowel movements)

Also palpitation,dyspnea on exertion, fatigue

32
Q

Causes of adrenal insufficiency

A

ADDISON
Autoimmune (Addison’s disease)
Degenerative (amyloidosis)
Drugs (e.g. ketoconazole)
Infections (e.g. TB, HIV)
Secondary (hypopituitarism)
Others (adrenal bleeding)
Neoplasia

33
Q

Symptoms of hypothyrodism

A

tends to occur in middle aged women (MOM’S SO TIRED)
Memory loss
Obesity
Malar flush/ Menorrhagia
Slowness (mentally and physically)
Skin and hair dryness
Onset gradual
Tiredness
Intolerance to cold
Raised BP
Energy levels fall
Depression/ Delayed relaxation of reflexes

F1 anesthetics (22 decks)

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