Mnemonics final Flashcards
What is the drug MgSO4 used for in phaeo surgery?
Magnesium sulfate is used as a muscle relaxant and for neuroprotection during surgery.
What is Phentolamine?
A non-selective alpha-adrenergic antagonist used in the management of hypertensive crises.
What is Esmolol?
A short-acting beta-1 selective blocker used for rapid heart rate control.
What are the major criteria for Fat Embolism Syndrome?
“HAN”
- Hypoxaemia with bilateral radiographic changes
- Axillary/subconjunctival haemorrhage
- Neurological changes not secondary to head injury
What is the order of placental invasion from most common to least common?
- Accreta
- Increta
- Percreta
What does MEN 1 refer to?
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 1, characterized by 3 P’s: Pituitary, parathyroid, pancreatic.
What does MEN 2A refer to?
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 2A, characterized by 2 P’s and 1 M: Phaechromocytoma, parathyroid, medullary thyroid.
What is the mnemonic for scoring criteria in acute pancreatitis?
RAGA: Ranson, Atlanta, Glasgow-imrie, APACHE.
What drugs are implicated in delirium?
“BAO CAC”
- Benzodiazepines
- Anticholinergics
- Opioids
- Corticosteroids
- Antihistamines
- Calcium channel blockers
What are King’s Criteria for liver transplant?
“PIG-C”
- pH < 7.30
- INR > 6.5 (PT > 100s)
- Grade III or IV hepatic encephalopathy
- Creatinine > 300mmol/l
What does VALUABLE ELEPHANTS are NORMALLY EXPENSIVE refer to?
Variable Extrathoracic = Normal Expiratory limb in flow volume loops.
What are the four theories for gas exchange with jet ventilation?
““Catherine Pours Cold Estrella”
- Co-Axial
- Pendulluft ventilation
- Cardiogenic mixing
- Enhanced molecular diffusion
Fill in the blank: The mnemonic for branches of the posterior brachial plexus cord is _______.
ULTRA
Upper subscapular, lower subscapular, thoracodorsal, radial, axillary
What does the mnemonic LLM represent in relation to the lateral branches of the brachial plexus?
- Lateral pectoral
- Lateral root of the median nerve
- Musculocutaneous
What does MMMUM represent in relation to the medial branches of the brachial plexus?
- Medial pectoral
- Medial cutaneous nerve of arm
- Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm
- Ulnar
- Medial root of median nerve
What are the risk factors for PPH?
““Previously Prolonged Placentas Hide Advanced Maternal Poly Multipliers”
- Previous PPH
- Prolonged labour
- Placenta accreta/praevia/increta
- High BMI
- Advanced maternal age
- Polyhydramnios
- Multiple pregnancy
What does “chirpy children can’t divide (and) can’t halve” refer to in the context of revised cardiac index?
- Coronary artery disease hx
- Congestive cardiac failure hx
- Cerebrovascular disease hx
- Diabetes mellitus requiring insulin
- Creatinine > 176mmol/l
- High risk surgery
What are the CT findings of Boerhaave’s syndrome?
“5 Ps and a C”
- Pneumothorax
- Pneumomediastinum
- Pneumopericardium
- Pneumoperitoneum
- Pleural effusion (left)
- Cervical surgical emphysema
What are the key features of Serotonin syndrome?
“CAN”
- Change in mental/cognitive status
- Autonomic dysfunction
- Neuromuscular excitability
What does the mnemonic refer to in EEG changes with G.A?
Bakers Averted Tasteless Daffodils Bravely.
- Beta (wakefulness) - high freq.
- Alpha
- Theta
- Delta
- BURST SUPPRESSION
What complications can arise from prone positioning?
“POPCorn”
- Pressure injuries
- Ophthalmic injuries
- Peripheral nervous system
- CNS damage
What are the three clinical features of Parkinson’s?
“BAM”
- Bradykinesia
- Asymmetric resting tremor
- Muscle rigidity
What health conditions are associated with OSA?
People with OSA have a wide “NEC”
- Neuropsychiatric - depression, anxiety
- Endocrine - diabetes, dyslipidaemia, hypothyroid
- Cardiac - HTN, AF, stroke, pulmonary HTN, RVF
What are the features of Malignant Hyperthermia?
“MH Has RHABDO”
- Muscle rigidity
- Hypertension
- Hypermetabolism (and temperature)
- Rhabdomyolysis
What is the classic triad of pheochromocytoma?
“Harry Potter Slays Hagrid”
- Headache
- Palpitations
- Sweating
- (± hypertension)
What are the pre-operative considerations for pheochromocytoma surgery?
“BAM marGera”
- BP control
- Arrhythmia control
- Myocardial ix.
- Glycaemic control
BP control
- Phenoxybenzamine (non-selective long acting alpha-blocker)
- Doxazocin (competitite selective a1 blocker)
Arrhythmia control
- Atenolol, bisoprolol, metoprolol
- Remember Alpha control before Beta control (A before B) otherwise may precipitate hypertensive crisis
Myocardial ix.
- ECG
- Echo (may show LVhypertrophy)
Glycaemic control
- Metformin, gliclazide, insulin
What are the autonomic features of Parkinson’s?
“PUS”
- Postural hypotension
- Urinary dysfunction
- Sexual dysfunction
What mnemonic helps remember the relations of the IVC, oesophagus, aorta at the diaphragmatic hiatus?
I ate 10 eggs at 12.
What are the bronchopulmonary segments on the right lung?
“A PALM SEED MAKES A LITTLE PALM” 3;2;5 (10 in total)
- Apical (upper)
- Posterior (upper)
- Anterior (upper)
- Lateral (middle)
- Medial (middle)
- Superior (lower)
- Medial basal (lower)
- Anterior basal (lower)
- Lateral basal (lower)
- Posterior basal (lower)
What does the acronym PASTTEQ stand for?
- Phenothiazines
- Amiodarone
- Sotalol
- Terfenadine
- Tricyclic antidepressants
- Erythromycin
- Quinine
What drugs are safe in porphyria?
SKOOPBANN
- Suxamethonium
- Ketamine
- Opioids
- Other inhalational agents
- Propofol
- Bupivacaine
- Atropine
- Neostigmine
- NDMR
Placental invasion mnemonic
Annoying Invading Placenta “AIP”
Accreta - deep into uterine wall
Increta - into uterine muscle
Percreta - through uterus into other organs
Drugs in phaeo surgery
MY PET GOAT NOEL EDMONDS
MgSO4
Phentolamine
GTN
Nitroprusside
Esmolol
