Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharma > Mnemonics > Flashcards

Mnemonics Flashcards

1
Q

What are the cytochrome p450 inducers? (7)

A 
"Ethel Booba take Phen-Phen and Refuses Greasy Carb Shakes"
Ethanol
Barbiturates
Phenytoin
Rifampin
Griseofulvin
Carbamazepine
St. John's Wort/Smoking
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the CYP450 inhibitors? (9)

A 
"Inhibitors Stop Cyber Kids from Eating GRApefruit Q"
Isoniazid
Sulfonamides
Cimetidine
Ketoconazole
Erythromycin
Grapefruit juice 
Ritonavir
Amiodarone
Quinidine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What drugs display zero order elimination kinetics? (7)

A

WHAT PET

Warfarin
Heparin
Aspirin
Tolbutamide
Phenytoin
Ethanol
Theophylline
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What type of inhibition is exhibited by the following:
Propanolol and Isoproterenol
Flumenazil and BZD
NE and terazosin

A

Competitive or Reversible inhibition

Potency (ED 50) decreases but maximal efficacy (Vmax) does not decrease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What type of inhibition is exhibited by the following:

Norepinephrine and phenoxybenzamine

A

Noncompetitive or Irreversible inhibitor
Maximal velocity (Vmax) decreases but not Potency (ED 50)
- also includes aspirin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What type of inhibition is exhibited by the following?
histamine and epinephrine
propanolol and thyroid hormone

A

Physiologic antagonism

- interacts with a DIFFERENT receptor that produces an effect opposite to the drug

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What type of inhibition is exhibited by the following?
dimercaprol for lead poisoning
pralidoxime for organophosphate poisoning
sugammadex for rocuronium

A

Chemical Antagonism

- interact directly with the drug so it does not interact with or reach the receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What type of variation in drug response is exemplified by depletion of thiol cofactors in prolonged use of nitroglycerin, which is reversible by administration of glutathione?

A

Tolerance

  • depletion of ESSENTIAL SUBSTRATES (not the receptor) due to continuous activation
  • reversible by replenishing the substrate
  • glutathione replaces the thiol cofactors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What type of variation in drug response is exemplified by the rapid decrease in responsiveness in drugs such as theophylline, salbutamol, nitrates, dobutamine

A

Tachyphylaxis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What drugs display tachyphylaxis?

A

MEDical students Love to watch CNN in HD

Metoclopromide
Ephedrine
Dobutamine
LSD
Calcitonin
Nitroglycerin
Nicotine
Hydralazine
Desmopressin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Type of drug response observed in the following situations:
aplastic anemia with chloramphenicol
cataracts with allopurinol

A

Idiosyncratic DR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

This refers to the concentration of a drug at the receptor site. Except for topically applied agents, the concentration at the receptor site is usually proportional to the drug’s concentration in the plasma or whole blood at equilibrium.

A

Effective drug concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The volume at which the drug would need to be uniformly distributed to produce an observed blood concentration. Measured by the amount of drug in the body divided by plasma drug concentration.

A

Apparent Volume Distribution

  • purely pharmacokinetic parameter with no direct physical equivalent (no units
  • altered in liver and kidney disease (decreased protein -> decreased protein binding -> more free drug to bind to tissue -> increase Vd
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

A drug with a low volume of distribution would be more concentrated in which body compartment?

a. tissues
b. blood
c. extracellular space or body water

A

a. tissues - high Vd
b. blood - Low Vd
c. extracellular space or body water - medium Vd

Vd = drug conc in the entire body/drug conc in the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The condition in which the average total amount of drug in the body does not change over multiple dosing intervals. The rate of drug administration equals the rate of administration

A

Steady state concentration

- usually reached in 4-5 half lives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

T/F Drugs that have zero order kinetics have constant half-lives.

A

False.

Drugs that follow zero order kinetics have no half lives because by definition their rate of elimination is CONSTANT.

17
Q

Kidney disease decreases which of the following parameters? Vd or clearance?

A

Clearance

Clearance depends on the drug and the condition of the organs of elimination. For a drug that is very effectively extracted by an organ, the clearance is flow-limited. i.e. higher flow -> greater clearance.
Kidney diseases, especially nephrotic syndrome leads to decreased protein, thus decreasing proteins available for binding drugs -> MORE FREE DRUG -> inc Vd.

18
Q

T/F A decrease in clearance will always result in increase in the half-life.

A

False

Half-life = (0.693 x Vd)/clearance

If the Vd is reduced along with the clearance, the half life may be unchanged.

19
Q

Refers to the fraction of the administered dose that reaches the systemic circulation. Determined by computing the area under the plasma concentration curve.

A

Bioavailability

20
Q

If a drug has a high Vd, how does it affect the loading dose and maintenance dose?

A

The loading dose would increase.

LD = (Vd x desired plasma concentration)/BA

  • LD is NOT affected by clearance
  • If the LD is very large, the dose should be given slowly to prevent toxicity i.e. Vancomycin
21
Q

If a drug has low clearance, how would it affect the maintenance dose?

A

The maintenance dose would decrease.

MD = (clearance x desired plasma concentration)/BA

*MD is NOT affected by Vd

22
Q

Phase 1 or Functionalization reactions convert the parent drug to a more polar product by unmasking or inserting a POLAR FUNCTIONAL GROUP. What are the 4 different types of phase 1 reactions?

A 
a HORD of phase 1 reactions
Hydrolysis
Oxidation
Reduction
Deamination
23
Q

T/F CYP450 enzymes are not highly selective in their substrates

A

T.

  • Also they are called mixed-function OXIDASES
  • found in high concentrations in the SMOOTH ER of the liver
  • approximately 75% are metabolized by CYP3A4 or CYP2D6
24
Q

What type of drug reaction involves conjugation of subgroups to -OH -NH2 and -SH functions on the drug molecule?

A

Phase 2 or conjugation reactions

25
Q

Acetylation of isoniazid is a phase 1 or phase 2 reaction?

A

Phase 2 reaction, specifically, acetylation

*Phase 1 reactions: HORD - hydrolysis, oxidation, reduction, deamination

Pharma (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions