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Pharma > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Which antibiotics are bactericidal? (5)

A 
"Very Finely Proficient At Murder"
Vancomycin
Fluoroquinolones
Penicillin
Aminoglycosides
Metronidazole
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2
Q

Which antibiotics are bacteriostatic? (6)

A 
"We're ECSTaTiC about bacteriostatics."
Erythromycin
Clindamycin
Sulfamethoxazole
Trimethoprim
Tetracycline
Chloramphenicol
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3
Q

What are the indications for Penicillin?

A

PSM LASTT PASS

Pneumococci
Streptococci
Meningococcal meningitis

Listeria
Anthrax
Actinomycoses
Syphilis
Tetanus
Trench fever

Pasteurella

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4
Q

Long acting penicillin preparations

A

Benzathine penicillin

Procaine penicillin

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5
Q

Very narrow spectrum penicillin

A

isoxazolyl penicillin (anti-staph)

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6
Q

Anti-staph penicillin that causes interstitial nephritis? that causes neutropenia?

A

methicillin - interstitial nephritis

nafcillin - neutropenia

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7
Q

T/F Methicillin is resistant to beta-lactamase.

A

Isoxazolyl penicillin (anti-staph) is resistant to beta-lactamase. Also, they have biliary clearance

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8
Q

If penicillin G is a narrow spectrum penicillin, and ampicillin is an extended spectrum penicillin, what is the spectrum of activity of nafcillin?

A

VERY narrow spectrum penicillin

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9
Q

What is the spectrum of activity of aminopenicillins (e.g. ampicillin and amoxicillin)?

A

“Amoxicillin HELPSEM kill Enterococci.”

Hemophilus influenza
E. coli
Listeria
Proteus mirabilis
Salmonella
Enterococci
Moraxella catarrhalis
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10
Q

What are the antipseudomonal penicillins?

A

TCP: Takes Care of Pseudomonas

Ticarcellin
Carbenicillin
Piperacillin

*Compared to other penicillins, have greater G(-) activity. Can be used vs Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Klebsiella.

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11
Q

T/F is Piperacillin beta-lactamase resistant?

A

F. Requires a BLIC (Pip-tazo).

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12
Q

What are the 1st generation cephalosporins?

A

“FADer help me FAZ my PHarma exam FOUR TIMES”

ceFADroxil
ceFAZolin
cePHalexin
cePHazolin
cePHapirin
cePHradine
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13
Q

What is the spectrum of activity of 1st gen cephalosporins?

A

PEcKs FIRST

Proteus mirabilis
E. coli
Klebsiella

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14
Q

T/F. Cefazolin demonstrates complete cross-allergenicity with penicillins?

A

False.

It demonstrates partial cross-allergenicity to penicillins, and complete cross-allergenicity to cephalosporins

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15
Q

What is the spectrum of activity of 2nd gen cephalosporins?

A

HEN PecKS

Hemophilus influenzae
Enterobacter aerogenes
Neisseria spp
Proteus mirabilis
E. coli
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Serratia marcescens
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16
Q

What are the 2nd gen cephalosporins? (9)

A

in a FAMily gathering, you see your FOXy cousin wearing a FUR coat and drinking TEA

cefMANdole, ceFOXitin
ceFURoxime, cefoTEtan

FAC, LORA the PROfessional AZhOLE is still on the FONe.

ceFAClor, LORAcarbef, cefPROzil
cefmetAZOLE, ceFONicid

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17
Q

What is the spectrum of activity of 3rd gen cephalosporins?

A 
DOC for gonorrhea - ceftriaxone, and cefixime
decreased G(+) coverage
increased G(-) activity: 
- Pseudomonas
- Bacteroides
- Providencia
- Serratia
- Neisseria
- Hemophilus
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18
Q

Which 3rd gen cephalosporin has disulfiram-like reaction?

A

cefoperazone

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19
Q

Route of excretion of 3rd gen cephalosporins?

A

Renal excretion EXCEPT cefoPERAzone and ceTRIaxone

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20
Q

T/F All 3rd gen cephalosporins can cross BBB.

A

False.

all can cross BBB except cefoPERAzone and ceFIXime

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21
Q

What 3rd gen cephs are the most active Cephs against penicillin-resistant Strep pneumo?

A

cefTRIaxone, and cefoTAXime

22
Q

What 3rd gen ceph is commonly used vs Bacteroides?

A

ceftizoxime

23
Q

What are the 3rd gen cephalosporins?

A

FEnge PO ng PERA to FIX my TTTTTv!

ceFEtamet
cefPOdoxime
cefoPERAzone
ceFIXime

TAZ pls TAX them for TRYing to ZerOX my BUTt.

cefTAZidime
cefoTAXime
cefTRIaxone
ceftiZOXime
ceftiBUTen.
24
Q

What are the 4th gen cephalosporins?

A

Chris PIME is at ROME

cefipime
cefpirome

25
Q

What is an example of a 5th gen cephalosporin?

A

ceftaroline

26
Q

Cephalosporin that can be used for MRSA

A

ceftaroline

27
Q

Which cephalosporin is resistant to beta-lactamases and has improved stability to chromosomal lactamase?

A

4th and 5th gen.

28
Q

What are anti-pseudomonal cephalosporins?

A

“binigyan ako ng DIME ni chris PIME kasi marami syang PERA”

ceftazidime, cefepime, cefoperazone

29
Q

What is the spectrum of activity of 3rd gen cephalosporins?

A 
DOC for gonorrhea - ceftriaxone, and cefixime
decreased G(+) coverage
increased G(-) activity: 
- Pseudomonas
- Bacteroides
- Providencia
- Serratia
- Neisseria
- Hemophilus
30
Q

Which 3rd gen cephalosporin has disulfiram-like reaction?

A

cefoperazone

31
Q

Route of excretion of 3rd gen cephalosporins?

A

Renal excretion EXCEPT cefoPERAzone and ceTRIaxone

32
Q

T/F All 3rd gen cephalosporins can cross BBB.

A

False.

all can cross BBB except cefoPERAzone and ceFIXime

33
Q

What 3rd gen cephs are the most active Cephs against penicillin-resistant Strep pneumo?

A

cefTRIaxone, and cefoTAXime

34
Q

What are BLICs most active against: plasmid encoded B lactamases or inducible chromosomal B lactamases?

A

They are more active against PLASMID-encoded B-lactamases (e.g. gonoccoci, strep, E. coli, and H. influenza).
They are not good inhibitors of inducible CHROMOSOMAL B-lactamases (enterobacter, pseudomonas, serratia)

35
Q

What are the 3rd gen cephalosporins?

A

FEnge PO ng PERA to FIX my TTTTTv!

ceFEtamet
cefPOdoxime
cefoPERAzone
ceFIXime

TAZ pls TAX them for TRYing to ZerOX my BUTt.

cefTAZidime
cefoTAXime
cefTRIaxone
ceftiZOXime
ceftiBUTen.
36
Q

What are the 4th gen cephalosporins?

A

Chris PIME is at ROME

cefipime
cefpirome

37
Q

What is an example of a 5th gen cephalosporin?

A

ceftaroline

38
Q

Cephalosporin that can be used for MRSA

A

ceftaroline

39
Q

Which cephalosporin is resistant to beta-lactamases and has improved stability to chromosomal lactamase?

A

4th and 5th gen.

40
Q

Which antibiotics are considered drugs of last resort?

A

I AM your Last Shot at Victory.

Imipenem
Amikacin
Meropenem
Linezolid
Streptogramin
Vancomycin
41
Q

What is the indication for use of carbapenem?

A
  • used for severe, life-threatening infections like pneumonia and sepsis
  • wide coverage for G(+) and (-) bacteria
42
Q

Imipinem-cilastatin, a carbapenem, inhibits the renal metabolism of imipenem via?

A

Cilastatin inihibits renal metabolism of imipenem via inhibiting renal dihydropeptidase

43
Q

All carbapenems have coverage against pseudomonas and acinetobacter EXCEPT?

A

ERTApenem

- it has a relatively longer half-life compared to other carbapenems but has no activity vs. pseudomonas and enterococci

44
Q

What beta-lactam antibiotic is used for infections resistant to beta-lactamases produced by G(-) rods, including Klebsiella, Serratia, and Pseudomonas?

A

Aztreonam (class: monobactam)
SE: GI upset, superinfection, vitiligo, rash, headache, hepatotoxicity
- has no activity vs G(+) or anaerobes

45
Q

What are the SE of BLICs?

A

hypersensitivity, cholestatic jaundice

46
Q

What is the mode of action of vancomycin?

A

inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to the D-ALA-ALA terminus of nascent peptidoglycan thus inhibiting transGLYCOsylation.

47
Q

What is the mechanism of VRSA and VRE

A

due to D-ala-LAC formation

48
Q

What drug is associated with Redman syndrome?

A

vancomycin

49
Q

What is route should be used when administering vancomycin for pseudomembranous colitis?

A

ORAL vancomycin

Teicoplanin and telavancin can be used for bacterial enterocolitis since they are not absorbed in the GIT.

50
Q

Which glycopeptide has a long half-life that permits once a week dosing?

A

Dalbavancin

Pharma (3 decks)

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