Antibiotics Flashcards
Which antibiotics are bactericidal? (5)
"Very Finely Proficient At Murder" Vancomycin Fluoroquinolones Penicillin Aminoglycosides Metronidazole
Which antibiotics are bacteriostatic? (6)
"We're ECSTaTiC about bacteriostatics." Erythromycin Clindamycin Sulfamethoxazole Trimethoprim Tetracycline Chloramphenicol
What are the indications for Penicillin?
PSM LASTT PASS
Pneumococci
Streptococci
Meningococcal meningitis
Listeria Anthrax Actinomycoses Syphilis Tetanus Trench fever
Pasteurella
Long acting penicillin preparations
Benzathine penicillin
Procaine penicillin
Very narrow spectrum penicillin
isoxazolyl penicillin (anti-staph)
Anti-staph penicillin that causes interstitial nephritis? that causes neutropenia?
methicillin - interstitial nephritis
nafcillin - neutropenia
T/F Methicillin is resistant to beta-lactamase.
Isoxazolyl penicillin (anti-staph) is resistant to beta-lactamase. Also, they have biliary clearance
If penicillin G is a narrow spectrum penicillin, and ampicillin is an extended spectrum penicillin, what is the spectrum of activity of nafcillin?
VERY narrow spectrum penicillin
What is the spectrum of activity of aminopenicillins (e.g. ampicillin and amoxicillin)?
“Amoxicillin HELPSEM kill Enterococci.”
Hemophilus influenza E. coli Listeria Proteus mirabilis Salmonella Enterococci Moraxella catarrhalis
What are the antipseudomonal penicillins?
TCP: Takes Care of Pseudomonas
Ticarcellin
Carbenicillin
Piperacillin
*Compared to other penicillins, have greater G(-) activity. Can be used vs Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Klebsiella.
T/F is Piperacillin beta-lactamase resistant?
F. Requires a BLIC (Pip-tazo).
What are the 1st generation cephalosporins?
“FADer help me FAZ my PHarma exam FOUR TIMES”
ceFADroxil ceFAZolin cePHalexin cePHazolin cePHapirin cePHradine
What is the spectrum of activity of 1st gen cephalosporins?
PEcKs FIRST
Proteus mirabilis
E. coli
Klebsiella
T/F. Cefazolin demonstrates complete cross-allergenicity with penicillins?
False.
It demonstrates partial cross-allergenicity to penicillins, and complete cross-allergenicity to cephalosporins
What is the spectrum of activity of 2nd gen cephalosporins?
HEN PecKS
Hemophilus influenzae Enterobacter aerogenes Neisseria spp Proteus mirabilis E. coli Klebsiella pneumoniae Serratia marcescens
What are the 2nd gen cephalosporins? (9)
in a FAMily gathering, you see your FOXy cousin wearing a FUR coat and drinking TEA
cefMANdole, ceFOXitin
ceFURoxime, cefoTEtan
FAC, LORA the PROfessional AZhOLE is still on the FONe.
ceFAClor, LORAcarbef, cefPROzil
cefmetAZOLE, ceFONicid
What is the spectrum of activity of 3rd gen cephalosporins?
DOC for gonorrhea - ceftriaxone, and cefixime decreased G(+) coverage increased G(-) activity: - Pseudomonas - Bacteroides - Providencia - Serratia - Neisseria - Hemophilus
Which 3rd gen cephalosporin has disulfiram-like reaction?
cefoperazone
Route of excretion of 3rd gen cephalosporins?
Renal excretion EXCEPT cefoPERAzone and ceTRIaxone
T/F All 3rd gen cephalosporins can cross BBB.
False.
all can cross BBB except cefoPERAzone and ceFIXime
What 3rd gen cephs are the most active Cephs against penicillin-resistant Strep pneumo?
cefTRIaxone, and cefoTAXime
What 3rd gen ceph is commonly used vs Bacteroides?
ceftizoxime
What are the 3rd gen cephalosporins?
FEnge PO ng PERA to FIX my TTTTTv!
ceFEtamet
cefPOdoxime
cefoPERAzone
ceFIXime
TAZ pls TAX them for TRYing to ZerOX my BUTt.
cefTAZidime cefoTAXime cefTRIaxone ceftiZOXime ceftiBUTen.
What are the 4th gen cephalosporins?
Chris PIME is at ROME
cefipime
cefpirome
What is an example of a 5th gen cephalosporin?
ceftaroline
Cephalosporin that can be used for MRSA
ceftaroline
Which cephalosporin is resistant to beta-lactamases and has improved stability to chromosomal lactamase?
4th and 5th gen.
What are anti-pseudomonal cephalosporins?
“binigyan ako ng DIME ni chris PIME kasi marami syang PERA”
ceftazidime, cefepime, cefoperazone
What is the spectrum of activity of 3rd gen cephalosporins?
DOC for gonorrhea - ceftriaxone, and cefixime decreased G(+) coverage increased G(-) activity: - Pseudomonas - Bacteroides - Providencia - Serratia - Neisseria - Hemophilus
Which 3rd gen cephalosporin has disulfiram-like reaction?
cefoperazone
Route of excretion of 3rd gen cephalosporins?
Renal excretion EXCEPT cefoPERAzone and ceTRIaxone
T/F All 3rd gen cephalosporins can cross BBB.
False.
all can cross BBB except cefoPERAzone and ceFIXime
What 3rd gen cephs are the most active Cephs against penicillin-resistant Strep pneumo?
cefTRIaxone, and cefoTAXime
What are BLICs most active against: plasmid encoded B lactamases or inducible chromosomal B lactamases?
They are more active against PLASMID-encoded B-lactamases (e.g. gonoccoci, strep, E. coli, and H. influenza).
They are not good inhibitors of inducible CHROMOSOMAL B-lactamases (enterobacter, pseudomonas, serratia)
What are the 3rd gen cephalosporins?
FEnge PO ng PERA to FIX my TTTTTv!
ceFEtamet
cefPOdoxime
cefoPERAzone
ceFIXime
TAZ pls TAX them for TRYing to ZerOX my BUTt.
cefTAZidime cefoTAXime cefTRIaxone ceftiZOXime ceftiBUTen.
What are the 4th gen cephalosporins?
Chris PIME is at ROME
cefipime
cefpirome
What is an example of a 5th gen cephalosporin?
ceftaroline
Cephalosporin that can be used for MRSA
ceftaroline
Which cephalosporin is resistant to beta-lactamases and has improved stability to chromosomal lactamase?
4th and 5th gen.
Which antibiotics are considered drugs of last resort?
I AM your Last Shot at Victory.
Imipenem Amikacin Meropenem Linezolid Streptogramin Vancomycin
What is the indication for use of carbapenem?
- used for severe, life-threatening infections like pneumonia and sepsis
- wide coverage for G(+) and (-) bacteria
Imipinem-cilastatin, a carbapenem, inhibits the renal metabolism of imipenem via?
Cilastatin inihibits renal metabolism of imipenem via inhibiting renal dihydropeptidase
All carbapenems have coverage against pseudomonas and acinetobacter EXCEPT?
ERTApenem
- it has a relatively longer half-life compared to other carbapenems but has no activity vs. pseudomonas and enterococci
What beta-lactam antibiotic is used for infections resistant to beta-lactamases produced by G(-) rods, including Klebsiella, Serratia, and Pseudomonas?
Aztreonam (class: monobactam)
SE: GI upset, superinfection, vitiligo, rash, headache, hepatotoxicity
- has no activity vs G(+) or anaerobes
What are the SE of BLICs?
hypersensitivity, cholestatic jaundice
What is the mode of action of vancomycin?
inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to the D-ALA-ALA terminus of nascent peptidoglycan thus inhibiting transGLYCOsylation.
What is the mechanism of VRSA and VRE
due to D-ala-LAC formation
What drug is associated with Redman syndrome?
vancomycin
What is route should be used when administering vancomycin for pseudomembranous colitis?
ORAL vancomycin
Teicoplanin and telavancin can be used for bacterial enterocolitis since they are not absorbed in the GIT.
Which glycopeptide has a long half-life that permits once a week dosing?
Dalbavancin
