Mnemonics Flashcards
Obligate Aerobes
“Nagging Pests Must Breathe”
Nagging - Nocarida
Pests - Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Must - Mycobacterium TB
Breathe - Bacillus
Bacteria that don’t stain well
“These Rascals May Microscopically Lack Color”
These - Treponema Rascals - Rickettsia May - Mycobacteria Microscopically - Mycoplasma Lack - Legionella Color - Chlamydia
Obligate ANaerobes
“Can’t Breathe Air”
(normal GI flora, NOT Tx w/ aminoglycosides)
Can’t - Clostridium
Breathe - Bacteroides
Air - Actinomyces
Facultative Intracellular Microbes
“Some Nasty Bugs May Live FacultativeLY”
- Hard to get rid of!
Salmonella, Neisseria, Brucella (Some Nasty Bugs)
Mycobacterium, Listeria (May Live)
Francisella, Legionella, Yersinia (FacultativeLY)
Encapsulated Bacteria
“SHiNE SKiS”
=> + “Quellung rxn” need spleen to clear these!
S - Strep pneumo, Hi - H. influenza, N - Neisseria, E - E. coli
S - Salmonella, K - Klebsiella, (i), S - Strep grp B
Catalase + microbes
“you need PLACESS for you CATs”
*risk these inf. w/ Chronic Granulomatous Disease
Pseudomonas, Listeria, Aspergillus, Candida, E.coli, Serratia, S.aureus
Chlamydia serotypes:
“ABC”
serotypes A, B and C (all 3) = associated w/ infections in Africa which cause Blindness when Chronic (bc follicular conjunctivitis)
“A Africa, B blindness, C chronic”
*other serotypes (D-K) => urethritis, neonatal pneumonia/conjunctivitis, etc.
Systemic fungal infections
- Histoplasmosis
- Blastomycosis
- Coccidiomycosis
- “Histo Hides” inside macrophages
- “Blasto buds” (broad-based budding, same size as RBCs on smear)
- “Coccidio crowds” - spherule w/ endospores is MUCH larger than RBCs on smear
“RIP Always” killed viral vaccines
*only induce humoral immunity* R- Rabies I- Injected influenza P- Polio (Salk) Always - hep A virus
Parvovirus = “part of a virus”
parvovirus is the only DNA virus that is ssDNA (SINGLE strand instead of double)
Polyomaviruses JC and BK
“Junk Cerebrum” and “Bad Kidney”
JC virus => Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy
BK virus => targets kidney in transplant recipients
(both = circular dsDNA viruses)
“repeato-virus” = reovirus, an RNA virus
Reovirus = the only dsRNA virus (all others = ssRNA)
Hypothalamus controls “TAN HATS”
T: Thirst/water balance
A: Adenohypophysis (ant. pituitary),
N: Neurohypophysis
H: Hunger, A: Autonomic regulation, T: Temperature, S: Sexual urges
Types of Aphasia
- “Broca’s Broken Boca”
- “Wernicke’s: wordy, What?”
Broca’s aphasia: can understand but can’t form speech correctly (brain problem, not mouth problem)
Wernicke’s aphasia: can’t comprehend –> lots of non-sensical speech
*Conduction aphasia: poor repetition (esp. of phrases)
= arcuate fasc. damage
Types of information carried by the 12 Cranial Nerves
“Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Big Boobs Matter More”
CN 1-12 in order,
S = sensory
M = motor
B = both
Sxs of Tuberous Sclerosis = “HAMARTOMAS”
findings in tuberous sclerosis: Hamartomas in CNS/skin Adenoma sebaceum (= cutaneous angiofibromas) Mitral regurgitation Ash leaf spots Rhabdomyoma (heart) [Tuberous sclerosis] aut. dOminant Mental retardation renal Angiomyolipomas Seizures
Segmented viruses
“BOAR”
B- Bunyaviruses (valley fevers)
O - Orthomyxovirus (influenza)
A - Arenaviruse (LCMV)
R - Reovirus (Rotavirus, Coltivirus)
Red flags for headache
“SNOOP4”
S - Systemic Sxs N - Neuro Sxs (confusion, focal def.) O - Onset = sudden O - Old age P (4): 1. Previous Hx, 2. Postural aggravation, 3. Precipitated by exertion, 4. Papilloedema
IV drug use & bacterial endocarditis
“don’t TRI drugs”
w/ Hx of IV drug use, bacterial endocarditis most likely:
@ TRIcuspid valve,
from Staph aureus, pseudomonas, or candida
Fetal erythropoesis:
“Young Liver Synthesizes Blood”
Young - yolk sac 3-10 wks
Liver –> 6 wks - birth
Synthesizes - Spleen 15 - 30 wks
Blood - Bone Marrow 22 wk - adulthood
vEnodilators vs. vAsodilators effect on heart
vEnodilators decrease prEload
vAsodilators decrease Afterload (ie: hydrAlazine)
“RALS” for relation between L & R pulmonary aa & lung hilus
RA - Right pulm. a. = Anterior to R hilus
LS - Left pulm. a. = Superior to L hilus
“I ate(8) 10 eggs at 12”
for structures perforating diaphragm
IVC (“I”) = T8
T10 => Esophagus (“eggs”)
Aorta (“@”) = T12 also the thoracic duct & Azygous vein at T12
“C3, 4, 5 keep the diaphragm alive”
Phrenic nerve (carries C3,4,5) = innervates the diaphragm
