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Step 1 > Anat/Musculoskeletal > Flashcards

Anat/Musculoskeletal Flashcards

1
Q

rotator cuff muscles

A

“SITS” all help to stabilize shoulder joint

  1. Supraspinatus - abduct arm
  2. Infraspinatus - external rotation
  3. Teres minor - external rotation
  4. Subscapularis - initiate elevation (abduction)
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2
Q

Intrinsic shoulder muscles

A 
7, originate on clavicle and scapula.
1-4: Rotator cuff mm (SITS - supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis)
5. teres major
6. coracobrachialis
7. deltoid
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3
Q

quadriceps muscles

A

4, extension of leg

  1. rectus femoris
  2. vastus medialis
  3. vastus intermedius
  4. vasuts lateralis
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4
Q

hamstrings muscles

A

3, flexors of the leg

  1. biceps femoris
  2. semitendinosus
  3. semimembranosus
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5
Q

extensors in forearm

A

1, 2. extensor carpi radialis longus & brevis3. extensor carpi ulnaris4. extensor digitorum 5. extensor indicis6. extensor digiti minimi7, 8. extensor pollucis longus & brevis

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6
Q

flexors in forearm

A
  1. flexor carpi radialis
  2. flexor carpi ulnaris
    3, 4. flexor carpi digitorum profundus & superficialis
  3. flexor digiti minimi brevis
    6, 7. flexor pollucis longus & brevis
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7
Q

Cephalic vein runs with…

A

Deltoid branch of thoracoacromial artery,

In deltopectoral triangle

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8
Q

Deltopectoral triangle

A

Where Cephalic vein (and deltoid branch of thoracoacromial artery run)
*here: Cephalic dives under clavicle to join subclavian vein

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9
Q

Quadrangular space

A
  • axillary n and posterior circumflex humeral artery emerge

Btwn Teres major and minor, triceps brachii long head, and humerus

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10
Q

Triangular interval

A
  • see deep brachial artery and radial n

Btwn 2 heads of triceps brachii (long and lateral), and Teres major

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11
Q

Artery along medial border of scapula

A

Dorsal scapular artery!

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12
Q

1st 5 branches from brachial plexus

A
  1. Long thoracic n
  2. Dorsal scapular n
  3. N to phrenic
  4. N to Subclavius
  5. Suprascapular n
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13
Q

Musculocutaneous n pierces which m?

A

Coracobrachialis m!

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14
Q

Travels with median n into cubical fossa

A

Brachial artery

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15
Q

Runs with radial n in arm

A

Deep brachial artery

Runs with radial n down posterior upper arm

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16
Q

semilunar valves

A

aortic and pulmonary valves (btwn ventricles and major vessels)

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17
Q

atrioventricular valves

A

tricuspid and bicuspid (Mitral) valves

18
Q

great cardiac vein runs with ?

A

anterior interventricular artery

19
Q

middle cardiac vein runs with?

A

posterior interventricular artery

20
Q

small cardiac vein runs with ?

A

right marginal artery

21
Q

scapular winging

A

when long thoracic nerve is damaged

– serratus anterior fail to protract (hold down) scapula

22
Q

dorsal root ganglion

A

sensory nerves ONly! (IN the back, out the front)

23
Q

ventral root

A

motor neurons olny

24
Q

a., runs with median n

A 
Brachial artery (a = just lateral to median n)
*ulnar and medial antebrachial cutaneous nn also run close (medial)
25
Q

n., runs with radial artery

A

Superficial radial nerve

26
Q

a., runs with ulnar nerve

A

Ulnar artery

27
Q

Arteries, run btwn ulna and radius

A

Anterior and posterior Interosseous arteries, (ulnar a –> common Interosseous –> ant/post. intosseous aa)

28
Q

Nerve running just underneath the mucosa of the Piriform Recesses

A

= Internal Laryngeal n. (branch of Superior laryngeal, of CN X)
=> efferent only => Cough reflex

29
Q

Paget’s disease of Bone (Osteitis deformans)

  • Sxs
  • Risks
A

= excess activity of osteoClasts AND Blasts

  • “chalk-stick” fractures of long bones
  • increased hat size & hearing loss (bc bone growth)
  • AV shunts –> risk heart failure
  • increased risk osteogenic sarcoma
30
Q

McCune-Albright syndrome

A

= polyostotic fibrous dysplasia type (spontaneous Gprotein mut.)

  1. Multiple unilateral bone lesions,
  2. Unilateral cafe-au-lait spots or “coast of Maine” spots
  3. endocrine abnormalities (=> precocious puberty)
31
Q

Factors that predispose to Osteosarcoma

A

(malignant primary bone tumor, most common in boys, esp. @ knee)
Risk factors: 1. Paget’s disease of bone
2. Bone infarcts or radiation
3. familial retinoblastoma

32
Q

“Empty can test” tests which muscle?

A

Supraspinatus (main initial abductor muscle of rotator cuff muscles)
= tested by the Empty Can Test
* the tendon may be impinged btwn acromion & head of humerus!

33
Q

Osteoarthritis vs. RA

A

Osteo: end of day pain, no MCP involved, joint space narrowing w/ osteophytes, eburnation, & sclerosis
RA: morning stiffness, symmetric, Type III hypersens. (anti-IgG or anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide Ab), *nodules w/ fibrinoid necrosis. pannus formation & increased synovial fluid.

34
Q

Triad of Sjögren’s syndrome:

A
  1. Xeropthalmia (dry eyes, conjunctivitis)
  2. Xerostomia (dry mouth/dysphagia)
  3. Arthritis
    Complications: parotid enlargement (compensatory for dry mouth), dental caries, risk B cell lymphoma!
    **autoimmune: SS-A (Ro) & SS-B (La) Abs, assoc. w/ RA **
35
Q

Diseases that can cause Gout

A

1: poor urate excretion (esp. w/ thiazide diuretics!)

  1. Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome (low HGPRT -> shunt to urea cycle)
  2. PRPP excess
  3. VonGierke’s disease (Glycogen storage -> glucose-6-phosphatase def.)
36
Q

Infectious arthritis vs. Reactive arthritis/Reiter’s syndrome

A

Infectious: CAN be from gonorrhea (also staph aureus, strep), w/ rash & often includes hand (tenosynovitis)

Reiter’s = NON-gonococcal arthritis, ~2 wks AFTER GI or chlamydia infections, => Conjunctivitis, Urethritis, Arthritis (asymmetric, legs)

37
Q

Seronegative arthropathies (4)

A

usually = HLA-B27+, more common in males.
1. Psoriatic arthritis: asymmetric/patchy, w/ dactylitis
2. Ankylosing Spondylitis (“AS”)
=> spine/SI joint fusions, uveitis & aortic regurg! (“bamboo spine”)
3. Inflammatory Bowel Disease (crohn’s/UC; often w/ AS)
4. Reactive arthritis: post-chlamydia or GI inf., w/ urethritis

38
Q

Symptoms/Complications of Sarcoidosis

A
  1. restrictive lung disease (interstitial fibrosis)
  2. Erythema nodosum
  3. Bell’s Palsy
  4. Uveitis
  5. hyperCa2+ (bc excess Vit D activation by granulomas)
39
Q

Case:
60 yo woman complains of pain/stiffness in shoulders and hips bilaterally. Has had some fever, fatigue, and weight loss but NO muscle weakness. Also has frequent headaches.

A

Dx: Polymyalgia Rheumatica
labs: high ESR, normal CK
Risks: likely also has Temporal Arteritis!
Tx: low dose corticosteroids

40
Q

Relationship between the Ureters and nearby landmarks

A
  1. Ureters = just Lateral to the Internal iliac aa on each side
  2. ureters pass UNDER the Gonadal vessels on each side
  3. ureters pass OVER the Common iliac/External iliac aa bifurcation

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