Mnemonics

Question 1

Contents superior mediastinum

Answer 1

PVTS Last BATTLE

Phrenic nerve
Vagus nerve
Thoracic ducts
Left recurrent laryngeal
Brachiocephalic vein
Aortic arch
Thymus
Trachea
Lymph node
Oesophagus

Question 2

Nerves at risk during carotid endarterectomy

Answer 2

Ho’s like sucking great men’s anuses

Hypoglossal
Lingual
Superior laryngeal branch (of vagus nerve)
4: greater auricular
5: Marginal mandibular
6: ansa cervicalis

Question 3

Structures within parotid

Answer 3

For REAL
Superficial to deep:
-Facial nerve: 5 branches of facial nerve divide within parotid
-Retromandibular vein
-External carotid
-Branches great auricular nerve
-Lymph nodes

Question 4

Long thoracic nerve root

Answer 4

C5,6,7 bells in heaven

Question 5

Reflexes

Answer 5

(S)1,2 buckle my shoe (ankle jerk)
(L)3,4 kick the door
(C) 5,6 pick up sticks
(C) 7,8 lay them straight

Question 6

Describe bones of orbit

Answer 6

many friendly zebras enjoy lazy summer picnic
-Maxilla
-Frontal bone
-Zygomatic bone
-Ethmoid bone
-Lacrimal bone
-Sphenoid bone
-Palatine bone

Question 7

What passes through superior orbital fissure?

Answer 7

Superior to inferior: Lazy french tarts sit nakedly in anticipation

Lacrimal nerve
Frontal nerve
Trochlear nerve
Superior division oculomotor nerve
Nasociliary nerve
Inferior division oculomotor nerve
Abducens nerve

Also:
-Ophthalmic veins (superior and inferior)

Question 8

What are the functions of the spleen?

Answer 8

FISH
Filtration and removal of old/abnormal red cells/white cells/platelets
Immunological properties: antibody synthesis
Storage of platelets
Haematological properties: extramedullary erythropoiesis in adults, erythropoeisis in foetus

Question 9

Name structures passing through lesser sciatic foramen

Answer 9

Pinto
-pudendal nerve
-internal pudendal vessels
-nerve to obturator internus
- tendon of obturator internus

Question 10

Name branches of facial nerve after it exits external auditory meatus

Answer 10

Arseholes die slowly

Posterior auricular
Posterior belly digastric
Stylohyoid

Question 11

Where do ACL and PCL attach? What is their function?

Answer 11

LAMP: lateral ACL, medial PCL

ACL attaches to medial border lateral femoral condyle, and anterior part intercondylar area of tibia
–> primary function to prevent anterior subluxation of tibia relative to femur

PCL attaches to lateral border medial condyle of femur, posterior part intercondylar area of tibia
–> Primary function to prevent posterior subluxation tibia relative to femur

Question 12

External rotators of hip

Answer 12

POGQ

Piriformis
Obturator internus and externus
Gemelli superior and inferior, gluteus maximus
Quadratus femoris

Question 13

Posterior division internal iliac artery

Answer 13

PILS
-Iliolumbar
-Lateral sacral
-Superior gluteal

Question 14

What are cutaneous branches cervical plexus?

Answer 14

Make a rhyme in this order:

Lesser occipital
Great auricular
Transverse cervical
Supraclavicular

Question 15

Anterior division internal iliac

Answer 15

3 urinary, 3 visceral, 3 parietal
-superior vesical, inferior vesical, umbilical (only patent in fetus)
-uterine, vaginal, middle rectal
-obturator, internal pudendal, inferior gluteal

Question 16

Femoral triangle contents

Answer 16

contents: NAVEL
-Femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein, ‘empty space’ (femoral canal), lymphatics

Question 17

What are the symptoms of low calcium

Answer 17

CATs go numb
-convulsions
-arrhythmias
-tetany
-numbness in hands and feet +around mouth

Question 18

Which muscles make up levator ani?

Answer 18

2 pubes + 2 others

Iliococcygeus, pubococcygeus, puborectalis (levator ani)
Coccygeus

Question 19

Branches axillary artery

Answer 19

Semen tastes like sweet apple pie

-Superior thoracic
-Thoracoacromial
-Lateral thoracic
-Subscapular
-Anterior circumflex humeral
-Posterior circumflex humeral

Branches of the axillary artery

Question 20

Factors that make fistula formation favourable and unlikely to regress

Answer 20

‘FRIENDS’

Foreign body
Radiation
infection/infalmmatory bowel disease
Epithelialisation
Neoplasia
Distal obstruction
Short tract (<2cm)

Question 21

Management of fistulas:

Answer 21

SNAPP

Sepsis
Nutrition
Anatomy of the fistula
Protection
Plan for surgery

Question 22

Sensation in scalp

Answer 22

Z-GLASS

Zygomaticofrontal (branch of V2)
Greater occipital
Lesser occipital (C2: cervical plexus)
Auriculotemporal (V3)
Supraorbital (V1)
Supratrochlear (V1)

Question 23

Structures anterior to posterior in renal pelvis

Answer 23

VAD: vein, artery, duct

Anterior to posterior:
–> Renal vein
–> Renal artery
–> renal pelvis

Question 24

What are the contents of the posterior mediastinum?

Answer 24

on the DATE Vivian Slapped Larry

Descending thoracic aorta
Azygous/hemiazygous vein
Thoracic duct
Esophagus

Vagus nerve
Splanchnic nerves
Lymphatics

Vessels: thoracic part of descending aorta, azygous and hemiazygous veins

Nerves: Vagus + splanchnic nerves (arising from sympathetic trunk to supply viscera in thorax + abdomen)

Viscera: oesohpagus

Others: Lymph nodes + thoracic duc

Question 25

Name structures that run on extensor aspect (dorsum) of foot

Answer 25

TEA DEPt
Tibialis anterior
EHL
Anterior tibial artery
Deep peroneal nerve
EDL
Peroneus tertius

Question 26

Name structures that run behind medial malleolus

Answer 26

Anteiror to posterior: Tom, Dick And Very Naughty Harry

Tibialis posterior
Flexor digitorum longus
Posterior tibial artery
Posteiror tibial vein
Tibial nerve
Flexor hallucis longus

Question 27

Structures passing through clavipectoral fascia

Answer 27

Cephalic vein
thoracoAcromial artery
Lymphatics
Lateral pectoral nerve

Question 28

Sensory supply to the scalp

Answer 28

Z-GLASS

Zygomaticofrontal (branch of V2)
Greater occipital
Lesser occipital (C2: cervical plexus)
Auriculotemporal (V3)
Supraorbital (V1)
Supratrochlear (V1)

Question 29

Signs of inhalation injury:

Answer 29

S’s:
–> soot
–> singeing
–> stridor
–> sputum (carbonaceeous sputum)

Question 30

Tributaries of azygous vein

Answer 30

Right handed PM Loves Eating Burgers

-Right superior intercostal vein
-Hemiazygous and accessory hemiazygous
-Pericardial veins
-Mediastinal veins
-Lower right posterior intercostal veins
-Oesophageal veins
-Bronchial veins

Question 31

Hilum of lung/hilum of kidney/porta hepatis

Answer 31

VAD
-Vein, artery, duct (anterior to posterior)–> renal and lung hilum

RALPH: relation of pulmonary artery to bronchus: right anterior, left posterior and higher

DAVE porta hepatis anterior to posterior:
–> Ducts (left and right hepatic ducts)
–> artery (hepatic artery)
–> Portal vein
–> epiploic foramen of wilmslow

Question 32

Dyspepsia concerning symptoms

Answer 32

ALARM Symptoms

Anaemia
Loss of weight
Anorexia
Recent onset of progressive sympsoms
Malaena or haematemesis
Swallowing difficulty